Analysis of Electromagnetic Fields Inside a Reinforced Concrete Building With Layered Reinforcing Bar due to Direct and Indirect Lightning Strikes Using the FDTD Method
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Lightning discharges, including cloud-to-ground (CG) and intracloud (IC) lightning, are known to emit electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) in a wide frequency band ranging from few Hz up to hundreds MHz [1]. During the breakdown and ionization processes (mostly f ...
In this chapter, we discussed the TL theory and its application to the problem of lightning electromagnetic field coupling to transmission lines. After a short discussion on the underlying assumptions of the TL theory, we described seemingly different but ...
An exact analytical expression for the electric field of the return stroke as excited by a propagating step current source is derived in this paper. This expression could be advantageously used to evaluate the disturbances caused by lightning on overhead l ...
We have seen in this chapter that the FDTD method for solving Maxwell's equations is accurate and versatile in a very wide variety of applications related to lightning. One can analyze the lightning electromagnetic field propagation over distances ranging ...
A current generation type return stroke model which can take into account the possible modifications of the return stroke properties by the soil conductivity at the strike point of the lightning flash is introduced. The model is also capable of incorporati ...
The physical mechanism of Narrow bipolar events (NBEs) has been studied for decades but it still holds many mysteries. Recent observations indicate that the fast breakdown discharges that produce NBEs sometimes contain a secondary fast breakdown that propa ...
This work provides an approach for speeding up the evaluation of lightning ElectroMagnetic (EM) fields in the case of a finite soil conductivity. The soil conductivity is taken into account through the well-known Cooray-Rubinstein (CR) approximation, which ...
This paper deals with the mathematical expressions called Sommerfeld integrals. Introduced by A. Sommerfeld in 1909, they are mathematically equivalent to inverse Hankel transforms. The original historical goal of these integrals was to provide an accurate ...
The evaluation of lightning ElectroMagnetic (EM) fields represents the most cumbersome part of the lightning-induced voltages computation process. Their evaluation is usually performed through a numerical routine or with simplified analytical expressions, ...
The article provides analytical expressions for the electromagnetic fields generated by a lightning return stroke characterized by a channel-base current with arbitrary time waveform, in presence of either a perfectly conducting or a lossy ground, assuming ...