Amino acid residues 24-31 but not palmitoylation of cysteines 30 and 45 are required for membrane anchoring of glutamic acid decarboxylase, GAD65
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Water is one of the most abundant molecules in the universe. It forms a hydrogen bond network with unique structure and dynamics. Hydrogen bonding is highly relevant to many biological processes including membrane formation, protein folding, adsorption, an ...
The characterization of biological interfaces is widely recognized as one of the main challenges for modern biology. In particular, biological membranes are nowadays known to be an active environment that allows membrane proteins to perform their work and ...
Protein-mimetic materials are of great interest for biotechnology to grant protein-like properties to artificial systems. Additionally, these materials can be used to shed light on the fundamental properties of proteins in many environments. Nanoparticles, ...
Giant unilamellar lipid vesicles (GUVs) are widely used as model membrane systems and provide an excellent basis to construct artificial cells. To construct more sophisticated artificial cells, proteins-in particular membrane proteins-need to be incorporat ...
Integral and peripheral membrane proteins account for one-third of the human proteome, and they are estimated to represent the target for over 50% of modern medicinal drugs. Despite their central role in medicine, the complex, heterogeneous and dynamic nat ...
Secondary transporters exist as monomers, dimers or higher state oligomers. The significance of the oligomeric state is only partially understood. Here, the significance of the trimeric state of the L-carnitine/gamma-butyrobetaine antiporter CaiT of Escher ...
The uptake of glutamate by synaptic vesicles is mediated by vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs). The central role of these transporters in excitatory neurotransmission underpins their importance as pharmacological targets. Although several compounds ...
The plasma membrane is of central importance for defining the closed volume of cells in contradistinction to the extracellular environment. The plasma membrane not only serves as a boundary, but it also mediates the exchange of physical and chemical inform ...
Membrane proteins are vital to life and major therapeutic targets. Yet, understanding how they function is limited by a lack of structural information. In biological cells, membrane proteins reside in lipidic membranes and typically experience different bu ...
Alpha-synuclein is a presynaptic protein of poorly understood function that is linked to both genetic and sporadic forms of Parkinson's disease. We have proposed that alpha-synuclein may function specifically at synaptic vesicles docked at the plasma membr ...