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On Lightning Electromagnetic Field Propagation Along an Irregular Terrain

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Bidirectional Recoil Leaders in Upward Lightning Flashes Observed at the Säntis Tower

Marcos Rubinstein, Mohammad Azadifar, Antonio Sunjerga, Amirhossein Mostajabi

We report the observation of three negative upward flashes recorded by a high-speed camera at the Säntis Tower during the Summer of 2019. The camera was operating at 10,000 fps and an exposure time of 99 μs. Simultaneous measurements of the lightning curre ...

2021

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Lightning is highly destructive due to its high power density and unpredictable character. Directing lightning away would allow to protect sensitive sites from its direct and indirect impacts (electromagnetic perturbations). Up to now, lasers have been una ...

2021

Angle and amplitude estimation errors in magnetic direction finding, called site errors, are important sensor-specific errors in lightning location systems (LLS). They are known to be caused by nearby cables and overhead lines due to induced currents. Due ...

2021

An Efficient FDTD Method to Calculate Lightning Electromagnetic Fields Over Irregular Terrain Adopting the Moving Computational Domain Technique

Marcos Rubinstein, Mohammad Azadifar, Wenhao Hou, Qilin Zhang

We present an improved finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method based on the moving computational domain technique for the calculation of lightning-generated fields over large-scale irregular terrain. In the improved method, a spatial window moving alon ...

2020

An open accelerator (OpenACC)-aided graphics processing unit (GPU)-based finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is presented for the first time for the 3D evaluation of lightning radiated electromagnetic fields along a complex terrain with arbitrary t ...

MDPI2020

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The polarity reversal of the lightning‐generated first sky wave as a function of the observation distance is studied using a novel approach combining the finite‐difference time domain (FDTD) method and the superposition principle of electromagnetic waves. ...

2020

Numerical and Experimental Validation of Electromagnetic Time Reversal for Geolocation of Lightning Strikes

Marcos Rubinstein, Mohammad Azadifar, Amirhossein Mostajabi, Hamidreza Karami

We implement an electromagnetic time reversal technique (EMTR) to locate lightning return strokes. The two-dimensional finite difference time domain is employed to simulate the EMTR process in both, the forward-time and the backward-time phases. Scatterers ...

2020

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The authors present an analysis of different charge transfer modes during upward negative flashes. The analysis includes a total number of 94 pulses that occurred during two upward negative flashes recorded at the Säntis Tower. The pulses included 59 mixed ...

2020

On the Propagation of Lightning-Radiated Electromagnetic Fields Across a Mountain

Marcos Rubinstein, Mohammad Azadifar, Wenhao Hou, Qilin Zhang

In this article, the effect of a mountain located on the propagation path of lightning-radiated electromagnetic fields was systematically studied by using the two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method (2-D FDTD), considering the influence of the ...

2020

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This article presents for the first time an OpenACC (Open accelerators)-aided Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)-based approach adopting a 3D moving window finite difference time domain (MW-FDTD) method for calculating lightning electromagnetic fields over lar ...

2020