In order to properly simulate cases in which gyrotrons exhibit fast temporally varying oscillations, such as non-stationary oscillations or possible dynamic After-Cavity Interaction (ACI), an adequate model for the beam-wave interaction has to be used. We will show that the commonly used assumption of considering a constant wave-field envelope during the electron transit time has to be abandoned. The appropriate model (reduced 1D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) model) is briefly presented and the implications of using an inadequate model are illustrated. For the case of a 150W/260GHz gyrotron, non-stationary simulations with the new model will be compared to experiment and used in order to investigate the underlying mechanism of these oscillations.
Tobias Kippenberg, Maxim Karpov, Zhe Zhao, Hao Song, Xinzhou Su