A spatial modelling technique using principal component analysis

Muhamed Barakovic
2014
Conference paper

The purpose of this study was to develop a methodology for the construction of models of interest to improve the choice of areas to radiate in the use of brachytherapy (BT). This work aims to propose a principal component model which is constructed from the data of different patients including medical images of arbitrary resolution and modality supplemented with delineations of radiation target (HR-CTV) structure, reconstructed applicator structure and eventual organs at risk (OAR) structures. The principal component model provides information about the spatial variability described by only a few parameters. It can be used to predict specific extreme situations in the scope of sufficient applicator radiation dose coverage in the target structure as well as radiation dose avoidance in OAR structures.

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Muhamed Barakovic
2014
Conference paper

Abstract

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/223620?ln=en

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Radiation protection

Radiation protection, also known as radiological protection, is defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as "The protection of people from harmful effects of exposure to ionizing radiation, and the means for achieving this". Exposure can be from a source of radiation external to the human body or due to internal irradiation caused by the ingestion of radioactive contamination. Ionizing radiation is widely used in industry and medicine, and can present a significant health hazard by causing microscopic damage to living tissue.

Principal component analysis

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a popular technique for analyzing large datasets containing a high number of dimensions/features per observation, increasing the interpretability of data while preserving the maximum amount of information, and enabling the visualization of multidimensional data. Formally, PCA is a statistical technique for reducing the dimensionality of a dataset. This is accomplished by linearly transforming the data into a new coordinate system where (most of) the variation in the data can be described with fewer dimensions than the initial data.

Radiation therapy

Radiation therapy or radiotherapy, often abbreviated RT, RTx, or XRT, is a therapy using ionizing radiation, generally provided as part of cancer treatment to control or kill malignant cells and normally delivered by a linear accelerator. Radiation therapy may be curative in a number of types of cancer if they are localized to one area of the body. It may also be used as part of adjuvant therapy, to prevent tumor recurrence after surgery to remove a primary malignant tumor (for example, early stages of breast cancer).