Resistance of echovirus 11 to ClO2 is associated with enhanced host receptor use, altered entry routes and high fitness
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With a gene required for each phenotypic trait, direct genetic encodings may show poor scalability to increasing phenotype length. Developmental systems may alleviate this problem by providing more efficient indirect genotype to phenotype mappings. A novel ...
Chloramines in drinking water may form N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). Various primary disinfectants can deactivate NDMA precursors prior to chloramination. However, they promote the formation of other byproducts. This study compared the reduction in NDMA f ...
We evaluated the application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolic fingerprinting to classify forward genetic mutants with similar phenotypes. Mutations affecting distinct metabolic or signaling pathways can result in common phenotypic traits t ...
As the World Health Organization (WHO) progresses with provisional Drinking Water Guidelines of 1 mu g/L for microcystin-LR and a proposed Guideline of 1 mu g/L for cylindrospermopsin, efficient treatment strategies are needed to prevent cyanotoxins such a ...
Virus removal and inactivation is still a major challenge for water treatment facilities in both industrialised nations and developing countries. This may seem surprising as chlorine disinfection started to spread broadly over a century ago. However, many ...
One of the key innovations during the evolution of life on earth has been the emergence of efficient communication systems, yet little is known about the causes and consequences of the great diversity within and between species. By conducting experimental ...
Ventilation systems often host bacteria and fungi that may be dangerous for the health of exposed people. Essential oils are one means among others to prevent microbial development. Used as a basis for many traditional therapies, these odorant plant extrac ...