Publication

Self-Aware Wearable Systems in Epileptic Seizure Detection

Abstract

Today, wearable systems are facing fundamental barriers in terms of battery lifetime and quality of their results. The main challenge in wearable systems is to increase the battery lifetime, while maintaining the machine-learning performance of the system. A recently proposed concept for overcoming this challenge is self-awareness, which increases system's knowledge of itself and the surrounding environment. This is precisely what health monitoring wearable systems require to adapt to different situations. To demonstrate the impact of introducing self-awareness in wearable technologies, we consider the epileptic seizure detection problem, as a case study. Epilepsy affects around 1% of the world's population, which can dramatically degrade the quality of life and represents a major public health issue. As a result, detection of epileptic seizures has become more important over the past decades. In this paper, we aim to introduce a new generation of self-aware wearable systems to decrease energy consumption and improve their seizures detection capabilities by introducing the notion of self-awareness in such systems. These techniques include switching to low-power mode to reduce the energy consumption and machine-learning model enhancement to improve detection quality. We incorporated our proposed techniques in the machine learning module, which detects epileptic seizures by monitoring the cardiac and respiratory systems. We evaluated the performance of our approach based on an epilepsy database of more than 141 hours, provided by the Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV). Our self-aware wearable system achieves 36% reduction in computational complexity and 10.51% improvement in detection performance.

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Related concepts (40)
Seizure
An epileptic seizure, informally known as a seizure, is a period of symptoms due to abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Outward effects vary from uncontrolled shaking movements involving much of the body with loss of consciousness (tonic-clonic seizure), to shaking movements involving only part of the body with variable levels of consciousness (focal seizure), to a subtle momentary loss of awareness (absence seizure). Most of the time these episodes last less than two minutes and it takes some time to return to normal.
Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a group of non-communicable neurological disorders characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. An epileptic seizure is the clinical manifestation of an abnormal, excessive, purposeless and synchronized electrical discharge in the brain cells called neurons. The occurrence of two or more unprovoked seizures defines epilepsy. The occurrence of just one seizure may warrant the definition (set out by the International League Against Epilepsy) in a more clinical usage where recurrence may be able to be prejudged.
Wearable computer
A wearable computer, also known as a body-borne computer, is a computing device worn on the body. The definition of 'wearable computer' may be narrow or broad, extending to smartphones or even ordinary wristwatches. Wearables may be for general use, in which case they are just a particularly small example of mobile computing. Alternatively, they may be for specialized purposes such as fitness trackers. They may incorporate special sensors such as accelerometers, heart rate monitors, or on the more advanced side, electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) monitors.
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