Publication

Fiber-based model for earthquake-induced collapse simulation of steel frame buildings

Dimitrios Lignos
2018
Conference paper
Abstract

Earthquake-induced collapse risk assessment of steel frame buildings requires the use of simulation models that can realistically replicate dynamic instability of frame buildings. Such models for steel columns should consider the coupling between the axial force and flexural demands. In end columns, the axial load demand variations due to dynamic overturning effects may be considerable. Other important aspects to be considered are the cyclic hardening prior to the onset of local buckling; the column post-buckling behavior under various axial and lateral loading histories. The potential of utilizing different steel materials should also be considered. This paper proposes a component model that simulates the hysteretic behavior of steel columns utilizing hollow structural sections at large deformations. A fiber-based approach is adopted that combines an equivalent engineering stress-strain constitutive relation assigned to a fiber crosssection within a pre-defined plastic hinge length of a force-based beam-column element formulation. The pre- and post-buckling behavior of the equivalent engineering stress-strain relation is defined based on uniaxial cyclic coupon tests and extensive stub column finite element analyses. The effectiveness of the proposed model in simulating the steel column behavior is demonstrated through comparisons with steel column collapse experiments as well as frame simulation studies validated with shake table collapse tests.

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Related concepts (32)
Earthquake engineering
Earthquake engineering is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering that designs and analyzes structures, such as buildings and bridges, with earthquakes in mind. Its overall goal is to make such structures more resistant to earthquakes. An earthquake (or seismic) engineer aims to construct structures that will not be damaged in minor shaking and will avoid serious damage or collapse in a major earthquake. A properly engineered structure does not necessarily have to be extremely strong or expensive.
Earthquake-resistant structures
Earthquake-resistant or aseismic structures are designed to protect buildings to some or greater extent from earthquakes. While no structure can be entirely impervious to earthquake damage, the goal of earthquake engineering is to erect structures that fare better during seismic activity than their conventional counterparts. According to building codes, earthquake-resistant structures are intended to withstand the largest earthquake of a certain probability that is likely to occur at their location.
Deformation (engineering)
In engineering, deformation refers to the change in size or shape of an object. Displacements are the absolute change in position of a point on the object. Deflection is the relative change in external displacements on an object. Strain is the relative internal change in shape of an infinitesimally small cube of material and can be expressed as a non-dimensional change in length or angle of distortion of the cube. Strains are related to the forces acting on the cube, which are known as stress, by a stress-strain curve.
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