Publication

Progress in Self-Healing Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites

Abstract

This paper sets out to review the current state of the art in applying self-healing/self-repair to high-performing advanced fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials (FRPs). A significant proportion of self-healing studies have focused so far on developing and assessing healing efficiency of bulk polymer systems, applied to particulate composites or low-volume fraction fiber-reinforced materials. Only limited research is undertaken on self-healing in advanced structural FRP composite materials. This review focuses on what is achieved to date, the ongoing challenges which have arisen in implementing self-healing into FRPs, how considerations for industrialization and large-scale manufacture must be considered from the outset, where self-healing may provide most benefits, and how a functionality like self-healing can be validated for application in real structures. Systems are compared in terms of process parameters, resulting mechanical properties, methods of healing assessment, as well as values of healing quantification. Guidelines are further given for a concerted effort to drive toward standardization of tests and the use of specific reinforcement architectures in order to allow reliable comparison between the available healing systems in structural composites.

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Related concepts (28)
Self-healing material
Self-healing materials are artificial or synthetically created substances that have the built-in ability to automatically repair damages to themselves without any external diagnosis of the problem or human intervention. Generally, materials will degrade over time due to fatigue, environmental conditions, or damage incurred during operation. Cracks and other types of damage on a microscopic level have been shown to change thermal, electrical, and acoustical properties of materials, and the propagation of cracks can lead to eventual failure of the material.
Wound healing
Wound healing refers to a living organism's replacement of destroyed or damaged tissue by newly produced tissue. In undamaged skin, the epidermis (surface, epithelial layer) and dermis (deeper, connective layer) form a protective barrier against the external environment. When the barrier is broken, a regulated sequence of biochemical events is set into motion to repair the damage. This process is divided into predictable phases: blood clotting (hemostasis), inflammation, tissue growth (cell proliferation), and tissue remodeling (maturation and cell differentiation).
Composite material
A composite material (also called a composition material or shortened to composite, which is the common name) is a material which is produced from two or more constituent materials. These constituent materials have notably dissimilar chemical or physical properties and are merged to create a material with properties unlike the individual elements. Within the finished structure, the individual elements remain separate and distinct, distinguishing composites from mixtures and solid solutions.
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