Hydraulic Jump Downstream of a Stepped Chute: An Experimental Study

The number of stepped spillways significantly increased in the past decades. Among other reasons, this is due to their energy dissipation potential leading to a reduction of the residual energy at the toe of the spillway. To date, only fragmentary designed guidelines are available for the stilling basin design in conjunction with stepped chutes. Therefore, tests were carried out on a large-scale physical model of a 30° stepped chute in combination with a classical stilling basin, to study the effect of stepped chute inflow on the hydraulic jump features. Detailed air-water flow measurements of the inflow conditions were conducted, as well as of the free surface and dynamic bottom pressures along the hydraulic jump. Specifically results on the free surface, bottom pressure and length characteristics are presented and discussed herein.

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Anton Schleiss, Michael Pfister, José Pedro Gamito de Saldanha Calado Matos, Ivan Stojnic
2019
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Abstract

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https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/271907?ln=en

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Spillway

A spillway is a structure used to provide the controlled release of water downstream from a dam or levee, typically into the riverbed of the dammed river itself. In the United Kingdom, they may be known as overflow channels. Spillways ensure that water does not damage parts of the structure not designed to convey water. Spillways can include floodgates and fuse plugs to regulate water flow and reservoir level. Such features enable a spillway to regulate downstream flow—by releasing water in a controlled manner before the reservoir is full, operators can prevent an unacceptably large release later.

Hydraulic mining

Hydraulic mining is a form of mining that uses high-pressure jets of water to dislodge rock material or move sediment. In the placer mining of gold or tin, the resulting water-sediment slurry is directed through sluice boxes to remove the gold. It is also used in mining kaolin and coal. Hydraulic mining developed from ancient Roman techniques that used water to excavate soft underground deposits. Its modern form, using pressurized water jets produced by a nozzle called a "monitor", came about in the 1850s during the California Gold Rush in the United States.

Pressure

Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure. Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), for example, is one newton per square metre (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in2) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and US customary systems.

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Fluctuating bottom-pressures on stepped chutes are relevant for the spillway design. An abrupt slope reduction causes a local alteration of the bottom-pressure development. Little information is available regarding the air–water flow properties near an abr ...

2022

Stilling Basin Performance Downstream of Stepped Spillways

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Advances in dam construction techniques have significantly increased the number of implemented stepped spillways worldwide. A key hydraulic feature of a stepped chute, compared to a smooth chute, is the enhanced energy dissipation resulting in a reduced re ...

EPFL2020

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Advances in dam construction techniques have significantly increased the number of stepped spillways implemented worldwide. Although stepped chutes provide enhanced energy dissipation along the chute, as compared to smooth chutes, an adequate energy dissip ...

2020