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L-Cell Differentiation Is Induced by Bile Acids Through GPBAR1 and Paracrine GLP-1 and Serotonin Signaling

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Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by circulating autoantibodies, lymphocytic infiltration of pancreatic islets of Langerhans, and cell-specific destruction of beta cells, leading to insulin deficiency and symptomatic hyperglycemi ...

EPFL2017

Bioengineering strategies for inducing tolerance in autoimmune diabetes

Jeffrey Alan Hubbell, Steinunn Baekkeskov Hanahan, Edward Allen Phelps

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease marked by the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreatic islets. Strategies to delay onset or prevent the autoimmune recognition of beta cell antigens or T cell-mediated killing of beta cells have ...

Elsevier Science Bv2017

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The target autoantigens in several organ-specific autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D), are intracellular membrane proteins, whose initial encounter with the immune system is poorly understood. Here we propose a new model for how these prot ...

American Diabetes Association2017

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Background: Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) enhance viability and function of islets of Langerhans. We aimed to examine the interactions between human MSC and human islets of Langerhans that influence the function of islets. Methods: Human MSC ...

Biomed Central Ltd2017

Encapsulation of Insulin-Secreting Cells Expressing a Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Calcium Indicator for Cell-Based Sensing In Vivo

Andreas Wiederkehr, Umberto De Marchi, Nicolas Bouche, Christophe Boss, Federico Sizzano, Mouna Conrad

The development of cell-based biosensors that give insight into cell and tissue function in vivo is an attractive technology for biomedical research. Here, the development of a cell line expressing a fluorescent calcium sensor for the study of beta-cell fu ...

Wiley2017

Complex events are instrumental in understanding advanced behaviours and properties of a system. They can represent more meaningful events as compared to simple events. In this thesis we propose to use wearable sensor signals to detect complex events. Thes ...

EPFL2017

Glutamate Cysteine Ligase-Modulatory Subunit Knockout Mouse Shows Normal Insulin Sensitivity but Reduced Liver Glycogen Storage

Pierre Magistretti, Kim Do

Glutathione (GSH) deficits have been observed in several mental or degenerative illness, and so has the metabolic syndrome. The impact of a decreased glucose metabolism on the GSH system is well-known, but the effect of decreased GSH levels on the energy m ...

Frontiers Media Sa2016

KAT2B Is Required for Pancreatic Beta Cell Adaptation to Metabolic Stress by Controlling the Unfolded Protein Response

Johan Auwerx, Hongbo Zhang

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) unfolded protein response (UPR(er)) pathway plays an important role in helping pancreatic β cells to adapt their cellular responses to environmental cues and metabolic stress. Although altered UPR(er) gene expression appears ...

Elsevier2016

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Pancreatic islet β-cells are particularly susceptible to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which is implicated in β-cell dysfunction and loss during the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The peripheral membrane protein GAD65 is an autoantigen in huma ...

Amer Diabetes Assoc2016

Bile acids are well-recognized stimuli of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. This action has been attributed to activation of the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor GPBAR1 (TGR5), although other potential bile acid sensors include the nuclear far ...

Endocrine Soc2015