Publication

Persistence of sewage-borne enteroviruses through chlorination treatment

Jade Brandani
2019
Student project
Abstract

Enteroviruses are a leading cause in a diversity of severe human diseases worldwide and the presence of these viruses in recreational water can present a risk for human health. Viruses' capacity to persist in the outside environment is limited but some viruses may stay infectious long enough to cause diseases if ingested in drinking or recreational water. There is growing interest in understanding mechanisms making viruses more resistant and measuring the persistence of enteroviruses in wastewater treatments. Disinfection sensitivity of enteroviruses is known to differ between similar serotypes, however, the extent of this variation has not been quantified so far. However, measuring the concentration of infective viruses in a mixed sample is not trivial and require deep analytical techniques. Thus, the objective of the study is to develop a method to measure efficiently infectious concentration of enteroviruses from mixed samples and to evaluate the specific response of enterovirus serotypes to chlorination. The research work involved two distinct parts: Firstly, the priority was to develop a method to detect and assess the infectious concentration of viruses at the serotype level. Secondly, experiments using free-chlorine were performed to determine the differences in inactivation between serotypes to chlorination.

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Related concepts (37)
Virus
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898, more than 11,000 of the millions of virus species have been described in detail.
Enterovirus
Enterovirus is a genus of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses associated with several human and mammalian diseases. Enteroviruses are named by their transmission-route through the intestine ('enteric' meaning intestinal). Serologic studies have distinguished 71 human enterovirus serotypes on the basis of antibody neutralization tests. Additional antigenic variants have been defined within several of the serotypes on the basis of reduced or nonreciprocal cross-neutralization between variant strains.
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Sewage treatment (or domestic wastewater treatment, municipal wastewater treatment) is a type of wastewater treatment which aims to remove contaminants from sewage to produce an effluent that is suitable to discharge to the surrounding environment or an intended reuse application, thereby preventing water pollution from raw sewage discharges. Sewage contains wastewater from households and businesses and possibly pre-treated industrial wastewater. There are a high number of sewage treatment processes to choose from.
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