Design and modelling of a compliant constant-force surgical tool for objective assessment of ossicular chain mobility

Surgeons generally assess the mobility of the ossicle chain by manual palpation using rigid elongated hooks inserted through the ear canal. As the applied forces are in the range of a few grams equivalent force, the measurement remains subjective and its reliability highly dependent on the level of experience and skills of the surgeon. This paper presents the design, modelling and experimental testing of an innovative surgical device based on a novel compliant constant-force mechanism used to apply a predefined force of 1 gf (9.81 mN) to the ossicles. Using this handheld constant-force tool along with an operating microscope for visual feedback of ossicle displacement, surgeons can objectively quantify ossicular mobility.

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Simon Nessim Henein, Charles Baur, Loïc Benoît Tissot-Daguette
2021
Conference paper

Abstract

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https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/287241?ln=en

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Ear

An ear is the organ that enables hearing and (in mammals) body balance using the vestibular system. In mammals the ear is usually described as having three parts: the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. The outer ear consists of the pinna and the ear canal. Since the outer ear is the only visible portion of the ear in most animals, the word "ear" often refers to the external part alone. The middle ear includes the tympanic cavity and the three ossicles.

Middle ear

The middle ear is the portion of the ear medial to the eardrum, and distal to the oval window of the cochlea (of the inner ear). The mammalian middle ear contains three ossicles, which transfer the vibrations of the eardrum into waves in the fluid and membranes of the inner ear. The hollow space of the middle ear is also known as the tympanic cavity and is surrounded by the tympanic part of the temporal bone.

Ear canal

The ear canal (external acoustic meatus, external auditory meatus, EAM) is a pathway running from the outer ear to the middle ear. The adult human ear canal extends from the pinna to the eardrum and is about in length and in diameter. The human ear canal is divided into two parts. The elastic cartilage part forms the outer third of the canal; its anterior and lower wall are cartilaginous, whereas its superior and back wall are fibrous. The cartilage is the continuation of the cartilage framework of pinna.

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