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Evaluation of biospheric components in earth system models using modern and palaeo-observations: The state-of-the-art

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CH4 and N2O fluctuations during the penultimate deglaciation

Jérôme Chappellaz

Gas is trapped in polar ice sheets at ∼50-120m below the surface and is therefore younger than the surrounding ice. Firn densification models are used to evaluate this ice age-gas age difference (Δage) in the past. However, such models need to be validated ...

Copernicus GmbH2021

Snapshots of mean ocean temperature over the last 700,000 yr using noble gases in the EPICA Dome C ice core

Adrien Michel

Together with the latent heat stored in glacial ice sheets the ocean heat uptake carries the lion’s share of glacial/interglacial changes in the planetary heat content but little direct information on the global mean ocean temperature (MOT) is available to ...

2020

The SUBGLACIOR drilling probe: Hydraulic considerations

Jérôme Chappellaz

Trends of carbon monoxide (CO) for the past 100 years are reported as derived from Antarctic firn drilling expeditions. Only one of 3 campaigns provided high quality results. The trend was reconstructed using a firn air model in the forward mode to constra ...

Copernicus GmbH2020

Observation of methane filled hexagonal ice stable up to 150 GPa

Philippe Gillet, Richard Gaal, Livia Eleonora Bove Kado, Umbertoluca Ranieri

Gas hydrates consist of hydrogen-bonded water frameworks enclosing guest gas molecules and have been the focus of intense research for almost 40 y, both for their fundamental role in the understanding of hydrophobic interactions and for gas storage and ene ...

PNAS2019

Local artifacts in ice core methane records caused by layered bubble trapping and in situ production: A multi-site investigation

Jérôme Chappellaz

Deglaciations are characterized by the largest natural changes in methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) concentrations of the past 800g€¯000 years. Reconstructions of millennial- to centennial-scale variability within these periods are mostly restricted to ...

Copernicus GmbH2016

The relative importance of methane sources and sinks over the Last Interglacial period and into the last glaciation

Jérôme Chappellaz

The largest natural increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration as recorded in ice cores occur when the Earth climate abruptly shifts from a glacial to an interglacial state. Open questions remain regarding the processes at play, the sequences of events and ...

Elsevier BV2015

We measured the methane mixing ratios of enclosed air in five ice core sections drilled on the East Antarctic Plateau. Our work aims to study two effects that alter the recorded gas concentrations in ice cores: layered gas trapping artifacts and firn smoot ...

Copernicus GmbH2014

Atmospheric Composition and Biogeochemical Cycles over the Last Million Years

Jérôme Chappellaz

Ice core analysis provides the most direct evidence of changes in some major greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4 and N2O) over the climatic cycle covering approximately the last 150,000 years. A remarkable overall correlation is observed between the CO2 or CH4 reco ...

Elsevier BV2014

During the last glacial cycle, Greenland temperature showed many rapid temperature variations, the so-called Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events. The past atmospheric methane concentration closely followed these temperature variations, which implies that the wa ...

Copernicus GmbH2013

Eemian interglacial reconstructed from a Greenland folded ice core

Jérôme Chappellaz

The analysis of air bubbles trapped in polar ice has permitted the reconstruction of past atmospheric concentrations of CO2 over various timescales, and revealed that large climate changes over tens of thousands of years are generally accompanied by change ...

Springer Science and Business Media LLC2013