Publication
Marshall Plan’s workers’ housing program and trade union cooperatives in France and Turkey
Abstract
Marshall Plan (1948-1952), introduced for postwar reconstruction in Europe, marks the Cold War economy-political and foreign policy of the US. Besides building the Western Bloc, its financial and technical assistance programs launched the self-help paradigm for housing development, design, and construction. This presentation portrays Marshall Plan’s workers’ housing program for cooperatives founded by US-assisted trade unions in France and Turkey.
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Related concepts (19)
Cooperative
A cooperative (also known as co-operative, co-op, or coop) is "an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and democratically-controlled enterprise". Cooperatives are democratically controlled by their members, with each member having one vote in electing the board of directors.
Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative enacted in 1948 to provide foreign aid to Western Europe. The United States transferred 173 billion in 2023) in economic recovery programs to Western European economies after the end of World War II. Replacing an earlier proposal for a Morgenthau Plan, it operated for four years beginning on April 3, 1948.
Worker cooperative
A worker cooperative is a cooperative owned and self-managed by its workers. This control may mean a firm where every worker-owner participates in decision-making in a democratic fashion, or it may refer to one in which management is elected by every worker-owner who each have one vote. Worker cooperatives rose to prominence during the Industrial Revolution as part of the labour movement. As employment moved to industrial areas and job sectors declined, workers began organizing and controlling businesses for themselves.
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