Publication

Mechanical Characterisation of Porcine Urethra: Non Linear Constitutive Models and Experimental Approach

Abstract

Low urinary tract dysfunctions and symptoms (LUTS) and Urinary incontinence (UI) in particular is a medical condition that affects millions of people worldwide. One of the most promising long term treatments for this condition is the use of an artificial urinary sphincter (AUS). The AUS is a medical device that is implanted around the urethra to provide continence control by constricting the later. Understanding the biomechanics and in particular the mechanical properties of the urethra is a critical prerequisite for designing an effective AUS to treat urinary incontinence. However, performing Tests on human urethras presents significant challenges due to ethical considerations and the limited availability of human tissue samples. As a result, animal testing has been performed to study the mechanical properties of the urethra. Among various candidates, pig urethras have similar dimensions, anatomical features, and tissue properties to human urethras, making them a suitable replacement for studying the mechanical properties of the human urethra. Furthermore, pig urethras can be obtained from a readily available and sustainable source, allowing for more extensive testing and experimentation. In this paper, experimental results from mechanical pressure tests on pig urethra are presented and compared with human urethra. Then non linear constitutive models are proposed to fit with our experimental values. Due to its close fit to our experimental data, the model of Fung has been selected as a future reference in order to perform simulations on several urethra geometries and analyse those data to accurately design our Artificial Urinary Sphincter.

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Ontological neighbourhood
Related concepts (32)
Urinary incontinence
Urinary incontinence (UI), also known as involuntary urination, is any uncontrolled leakage of urine. It is a common and distressing problem, which may have a large impact on quality of life. It has been identified as an important issue in geriatric health care. The term enuresis is often used to refer to urinary incontinence primarily in children, such as nocturnal enuresis (bed wetting). UI is an example of a stigmatized medical condition, which creates barriers to successful management and makes the problem worse.
Urinary system
The urinary system, also known as the urinary tract or renal system, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra. The purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulate blood pH. The urinary tract is the body's drainage system for the eventual removal of urine. The kidneys have an extensive blood supply via the renal arteries which leave the kidneys via the renal vein.
Stress incontinence
Stress incontinence, also known as stress urinary incontinence (SUI) or effort incontinence is a form of urinary incontinence. It is due to inadequate closure of the bladder outlet by the urethral sphincter. It is the loss of small amounts of urine associated with coughing, laughing, sneezing, exercising or other movements that increase intra-abdominal pressure and thus increasing the pressure on the bladder. The urethra is normally supported by fascia and muscles of the pelvic floor.
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