Publication

Practical Implementations of Remote Power Side-Channel and Fault-Injection Attacks on Multitenant FPGAs

Abstract

Cloud computing environments increasingly provision FPGAs because of their fine-grained, highly parallel, and flexible hardware architecture. The availability of FPGAs in the cloud fueled research on the security risks associated with exposing FPGA fabric to remote users. The most notable result is the discovery that remote access to cloud FPGAs presents an entirely new attack surface: that of remotely executed electrical-level attacks, which leverage shared power-delivery networks (PDNs). Two types of threats stand out: power analysis and fault-injection attacks. This chapter begins with a description of the corresponding threat models. Then, it elaborates on the practical implementations of the attacks in two steps. In the first, the FPGA circuits able to pick up a secret signal from the shared PDN (i.e., on-chip voltage-drop sensors) or inject a disturbance into it (i.e., power wasters) are presented. In the second, the experimental results of attacks on various FPGA boards, including data center acceleration cards, are shown and discussed. Finally, to facilitate future research, the implementations of a selection of the FPGA circuits enabling the attacks are shared as open source.

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Related concepts (32)
Field-programmable gate array
A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is an integrated circuit designed to be configured after manufacturing. The FPGA configuration is generally specified using a hardware description language (HDL), similar to that used for an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). Circuit diagrams were previously used to specify the configuration, but this is increasingly rare due to the advent of electronic design automation tools. FPGAs contain an array of programmable logic blocks, and a hierarchy of reconfigurable interconnects allowing blocks to be wired together.
Xilinx
Xilinx, Inc. (ˈzaɪlɪŋks ) was an American technology and semiconductor company that primarily supplied programmable logic devices. The company is known for inventing the first commercially viable field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and creating the first fabless manufacturing model. Xilinx was co-founded by Ross Freeman, Bernard Vonderschmitt, and James V Barnett II in the year 1984 and the company went public on the NASDAQ in the year 1990.
Electronic circuit
An electronic circuit is composed of individual electronic components, such as resistors, transistors, capacitors, inductors and diodes, connected by conductive wires or traces through which electric current can flow. It is a type of electrical circuit and to be referred to as electronic, rather than electrical, generally at least one active component must be present. The combination of components and wires allows various simple and complex operations to be performed: signals can be amplified, computations can be performed, and data can be moved from one place to another.
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