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Highly Hygroscopic Aerosols Facilitate Summer and Early‐Autumn Cloud Formation at Extremely Low Concentrations Over the Central Arctic Ocean

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Ice formation remains among the most poorly understood and hence poorly represented cloud processes in climate models. Primary ice production (PIP) has been recognized as a key process for the correct representation of the modeled cloud feedbacks; secondar ...
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Acidity, defined as pH, is a central component of aqueous chemistry. In the atmosphere, the acidity of condensed phases (aerosol particles, cloud water, and fog droplets) governs the phase partitioning of semivolatile gases such as HNO3, NH3, HCl, and orga ...
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