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Observed Kinetics of Enterovirus Inactivation by Disinfectants Differ among the Host Cells Used for Enumeration

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In Situ Formation of Free Chlorine During ClO2 Treatment: Implications on the Formation of Disinfection Byproducts

Urs von Gunten

Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is commonly used as an alternative disinfectant to chlorine in drinking water treatment because it produces limited concentrations of halogenated organic disinfection byproducts. During drinking water treatment, the primary ClO2 byp ...

AMER CHEMICAL SOC2018

Genotypic, phenotypic and mechanistic insights into viruses with resistance to common water disinfectants

Qingxia Zhong

Infectious diseases caused by waterborne viruses contribute to the global disease burden. An effective barrier to prevent the discharge of waterborne viruses is a disinfection step, yet disinfection is not always efficient at inactivating viruses. This the ...

EPFL2017

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The emergence of waterborne viruses with resistance to disinfection has been demonstrated in the laboratory and in the environment. Yet, the implications of such resistance for virus control remain obscure. In this study we investigate if viruses with resi ...

Frontiers Research Foundation2017

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Common water disinfectants like chlorine have been reported to select for resistant viruses, yet little attention has been devoted to characterizing disinfection resistance. Here, we investigated the resistance of MS2 coliphage to inactivation by chlorine ...

Amer Chemical Soc2016

Trichloramine reactions with nitrogenous and carbonaceous compounds: Kinetics, products and chloroform formation

Urs von Gunten, Silvio Canonica

Trichloramine is a hazardous disinfection by-product that is of particular relevance in indoor swimming pools. To better understand its fate in pool waters, apparent second order rate constants (kapp) at pH 7 for its reaction with several model compounds w ...

Elsevier2015

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A low-cost, reliable and sensitive electrochemical method for free chlorine analysis in water using inkjet printed silver electrodes is presented. Free chlorine detection was based on linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) analysis of AgCl/Ag2O films formed over a ...

Elsevier Science Sa2015

Utilities using chloramines need strategies to mitigate nitrosamine formation to meet potential future nitrosamine regulations. The ability to reduce NDMA formation under typical post-chloramination conditions of pretreatment with ultraviolet light from a ...

Elsevier2015

Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) decay in the presence of typical metal oxides occurring in distribution systems was investigated. Metal oxides generally enhanced ClO2 decay in a second-order process via three pathways: (1) catalytic disproportionation with equimol ...

American Chemical Society2013

Subtle differences in virus composition affect disinfection kinetics and mechanisms

Tamar Kohn, Krista Rule Wigginton, Brian Pecson, Michele Cascella, Anne Thérèse Sigstam

Viral disinfection kinetics have been studied in depth, but the molecular-level inactivation mechanisms are not understood. Consequently, it is difficult to predict the disinfection behavior of non-culturable viruses, even when related, culturable viruses ...

American Society for Microbiology2013

Chemical Oxidation of Dissolved Organic Matter by Chlorine Dioxide, Chlorine, And Ozone: Effects on Its Optical and Antioxidant Properties

Urs von Gunten, Silvio Canonica

In water treatment dissolved organic matter (DOM) is typically the major sink for chemical oxidants. The resulting changes in DOM, such as its optical properties have been measured to follow the oxidation processes. However, such measurements contain only ...

Amer Chemical Soc2013