Drosophila SPG12 ortholog, reticulon-like 1, governs presynaptic ER organization and Ca2+ dynamics
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excitatory synapses with multiple active zones ensure reliable and fast information transfer at specific points in neuronal circuits. However, the mechanisms that determine synapse size in CNS circuits are largely unknown. Here we use the calyx of Held syn ...
Modifications of synaptic efficacies are considered essential for learning and memory. However, it is not known how the underlying functional components of synaptic transmission change over long time scales. To address this question, we studied cortical sy ...
Synaptic inhibition plays a key role in shaping the dynamics of neuronal networks and selecting cell assemblies. Typically, an inhibitory axon contacts a particular dendritic subdomain of its target neuron, where it often makes 10–20 synapses, sometimes on ...
Fast neurotransmitter release is essential for neuron-neuron communication and is initiated by the opening of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels close to docked vesicles at the presynaptic active zone. The high concentration of Ca2+ channels at the active zone is ...
The efficacy and success of many cellular processes is dependent on a tight orchestration of proteins trafficking to and from their site(s) of action in a time-controlled fashion. Recently, a dynamic cycle of palmitoylation/de-palmitoylation has been shown ...
A tight coupling exists between synaptic activity and glucose utilization by astrocytes. Metabolic cooperation between neurons and astrocytes mediates this coupling. During synaptic activation, glutamate that is released in the synaptic cleft as a neurotra ...
Synaptic inhibition plays a key role in shaping the dynamics of neuronal networks and selecting cell assemblies. Typically, an inhibitory axon contacts a particular dendritic subdomain of its target neuron, where it often makes 10-20 synapses, sometimes on ...
T he inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) is synthesized by two isoforms of the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD): GAD65 and GAD67. Whereas GAD67 is constitutively active and produces >90% of GABA in the central nervous system ...
Developmental refinement of synaptic transmission can occur via changes in several pre- and postsynaptic factors, but it has been unknown whether the intrinsic Ca2+ sensitivity of vesicle fusion in the nerve terminal can be regulated during development. Us ...
The coupling between synaptic activity and glucose utilization (neurometabolic coupling) is a central physiologic principle of brain function that has provided the basis for 2-deoxyglucose-based functional imaging with positron emission tomography. Approxi ...
