Publication
This paper presents a post-occupancy daylighting study within 17 residences in Singapore consisting of 35 participants. Each residence was visited, and a calibrated daylighting model was constructed and validated based upon 100's of individual illuminance measurements. A survey on subjective lighting quality was administered to each participant. The authors find that simulated annual climate-based daylight measures can be used to predict subjective lighting evaluations such as satisfaction with access to daylight, whether a space is perceived as dim or bright, and when overall daylighting levels are too low. Using the mean annual daylight level per sensor, at a spatial median illuminance threshold of 175 lx, more than 80% of people are predicted to be satisfied with access to daylight in kitchens; however, in bedrooms and living rooms, satisfaction with daylight was high even at low lighting levels. Kitchens can be identified as dim or bright and all residential space types can be identified as often underlit or not based upon median spatial values of annual sensor mean illuminance. Finally, the authors share reported reasons for dynamic window shading use in the residences studied-desire for privacy was found to be of similar importance to the direct sunlight, a difference from dynamic shading use in commercial spaces.