Pirate codeA pirate code, pirate articles, or articles of agreement were a code of conduct for governing pirates. A group of sailors, on turning pirate, would draw up their own code or articles, which provided rules for discipline, division of stolen goods, and compensation for injured pirates. Breaking the code could get a pirate marooned or killed. The first set of the "Pirate's Code" was supposedly written by the Portuguese buccaneer Bartolomeu Português sometime in the early 1660s, but the first recorded set belonged to George Cusack who was active from 1668 to 1675.
Anna EdingerAnna Edinger (nee Goldschmidt; 17 May 1863 – 21 December 1929) was a German social activist, women's rights campaigner and peace activist. She received a large inheritance in 1906 and became, in addition to her own campaigning, significant as a benefactress to the Neurology Institute set up by her husband, and a few years later integrated into the newly established University of Frankfurt. Anna Goldschmidt was born at Frankfurt am Main, at that time a free city within the German Confederation.
Philosophie zoologiquePhilosophie zoologique ("Zoological Philosophy, or Exposition with Regard to the Natural History of Animals") is an 1809 book by the French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, in which he outlines his pre-Darwinian theory of evolution, part of which is now known as Lamarckism. In the book, Lamarck named two supposed laws that would enable animal species to acquire characteristics under the influence of the environment. The first law stated that use or disuse would cause body structures to grow or shrink over the generations.
Louise FilionLouise Filion (born 6 December 1945) is a Canadian professor of biogeography. Filion was born in Montreal, Quebec on 6 December 1945, the daughter of Marguerite Bernier and Maurice Filion. She holds a bachelor's degree in geography, a master's degree in agriculture, and a Ph.D. in biology from Laval. She is the former director of the Geography department at Laval University. Her appointment to Professor in the Geography department was a first for a woman at the university.
The Party of Moderate Progress Within the Bounds of the LawThe Party of Moderate Progress Within the Bounds of the Law (PMPWBL, Strana mírného pokroku v mezích zákona (SMPVMZ)) was a satirical political party in Cisleithania (Austro-Hungary), founded by Jaroslav Hašek in 1911. The party campaigned satirically for election to the Imperial Council (Austria). Due to their dual nature as both a political "party" and a political-artistic "action group", it is often extremely difficult to differentiate the reality from the fiction of the SMPVMZ.
Alliance 90/The GreensAlliance 90/The Greens (Bündnis 90/Die Grünen, ˈbʏntnɪs ˈnɔʏntsɪç diː ˈɡʁyːnən), often simply referred to as the Greens (Grüne, ˈɡʁyːnə), is a green political party in Germany. It was formed in 1993 by the merger of The Greens (formed in West Germany in 1980) and Alliance 90 (formed in East Germany in 1990). The Greens had itself merged with the East German Green Party after German reunification in 1990. Since January 2022, Ricarda Lang and Omid Nouripour have been co-leaders of the party.
Jean-Charles de BordaJean-Charles, chevalier de Borda (4 May 1733 – 19 February 1799) was a French mathematician, physicist, and Navy officer. Borda was born in the city of Dax to Jean‐Antoine de Borda and Jeanne‐Marie Thérèse de Lacroix. In 1756, Borda wrote Mémoire sur le mouvement des projectiles, a product of his work as a military engineer. For that, he was elected to the French Academy of Sciences in 1764. Borda was a mariner and a scientist, spending time in the Caribbean testing out advances in chronometers.
Néstor BraunsteinNéstor Alberto Braunstein (1941 – 2022) was an Argentine-Mexican physician, psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. Braunstein was born in Bell Ville. He graduated as a physician in 1962, at the age of 20, and received his M.D. in 1965 from the Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina, where he taught at college level as early as 1959. In 1974 he was forced into exile for political and academic reasons and moved to Mexico where he worked as a psychiatrist in different public institutions for the treatment of both children and adults.
Helmut BirkhanHelmut Birkhan (born 1 February 1938) is an Austrian philologist who is Professor Emeritus of Ancient German Language and Literature and the former Managing Director of the Institute for Germanic Studies at the University of Vienna. Having studied at Vienna under Otto Höfler, Birkhan specializes in Celtic, Germanic, and Indo-European studies, particularly the study of Celtic-Germanic contacts, Germanic linguistics and Medieval German literature from an interdisciplinary perspective, on which he has published numerous influential works.
1623 in musicThe year 1623 in music involved some significant events. Drum cymbals are first made commercially by the predecessor of the Avedis Zildjian Company at Constantinople in Ottoman Turkey. Zildjian ˈzɪldʒiən cymbals were created in 1618 by Avedis Zildjian, an alchemist who was looking for a way to turn base metal into gold; he created an alloy combining tin, copper, and silver into a sheet of metal that could make musical sounds without shattering.
