The concept of "regioexhaustive substitution" has been successfully applied to 2-fluoro-, 2,3-difluoro-, and 2,5-difluoropyridine. All vacant positions were amenable to regioselective metalation and subsequent carboxylation by employing either chlorine as a neighboring site activating protective group or trimethylsilyl as a neighboring site screening protective group. In this way, approx. half a dozen fluorinated pyridinecarboxylic acids were derived from each starting material. [on SciFinder (R)]
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