Publication
Ion-bombarded polystyrene with a 0.5-keV Ar+ beam has been investigated by means of photoelectron spectroscopy performed with synchrotron radiation. After a dose of 10(15) ions/cm2 the evolution of the valence band of the bombarded sample towards an amorphous carbonlike configuration is reported. From the analysis of valence-band spectra we estimated the out-diffusion of hydrogen and showed that its electronic states remain well identified and stable until the hydrogen presence is about 35% with respect to the pristine sample. Finally, comparison with mass spectroscopy measurements on deuterated polystyrene has been performed to determine hydrogen evolution during the ion irradiation.
Andras Kis, Dumitru Dumcenco, Olivier Renault, Dmitrii Unuchek, Hokwon Kim, Nicolas Chevalier
Xiao Zhou, Cheng Chen, Pengfei Ou
Michael Graetzel, Shaik Mohammed Zakeeruddin