Chemical plantA chemical plant is an industrial process plant that manufactures (or otherwise processes) chemicals, usually on a large scale. The general objective of a chemical plant is to create new material wealth via the chemical or biological transformation and or separation of materials. Chemical plants use specialized equipment, units, and technology in the manufacturing process.
Continuous reactorContinuous reactors (alternatively referred to as flow reactors) carry material as a flowing stream. Reactants are continuously fed into the reactor and emerge as continuous stream of product. Continuous reactors are used for a wide variety of chemical and biological processes within the food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. A survey of the continuous reactor market will throw up a daunting variety of shapes and types of machine. Beneath this variation however lies a relatively small number of key design features which determine the capabilities of the reactor.
Continuous stirred-tank reactorThe continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), also known as vat- or backmix reactor, mixed flow reactor (MFR), or a continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor (CFSTR), is a common model for a chemical reactor in chemical engineering and environmental engineering. A CSTR often refers to a model used to estimate the key unit operation variables when using a continuous agitated-tank reactor to reach a specified output. The mathematical model works for all fluids: liquids, gases, and slurries.
Bilan de matièreIn physics, a mass balance, also called a material balance, is an application of conservation of mass to the analysis of physical systems. By accounting for material entering and leaving a system, mass flows can be identified which might have been unknown, or difficult to measure without this technique. The exact conservation law used in the analysis of the system depends on the context of the problem, but all revolve around mass conservation, i.e., that matter cannot disappear or be created spontaneously.
Lit fluidiséEn physique, dans l'étude de la matière molle, et en génie industriel, un lit fluidisé (ou de lit fluidifié) consiste en un mélange de solides et de fluide, qui permet de donner aux premiers certaines propriétés des seconds. L'invention du lit fluidisé est attribuée au chimiste allemand Fritz Winkler, qui l'avait appliqué en 1926 à la combustion de charbon réduit en poudre. Typiquement, on peut réaliser un tel dispositif avec du sable. Le principe est d'injecter sous un lit de sable un gaz ou un liquide sous pression.
Plug flow reactor modelThe plug flow reactor model (PFR, sometimes called continuous tubular reactor, CTR, or piston flow reactors) is a model used to describe chemical reactions in continuous, flowing systems of cylindrical geometry. The PFR model is used to predict the behavior of chemical reactors of such design, so that key reactor variables, such as the dimensions of the reactor, can be estimated.
Distribution de temps de séjourL’expression de distribution de temps de séjour ou DTS s'utilise en génie des procédés. La distribution de temps de séjour est un modèle qui permet de caractériser l'hydrodynamique d'un réacteur chimique et de déterminer quel modèle de réacteur définit le mieux l'installation étudiée (réacteur continu ou réacteur tubulaire) ainsi que les déviations par rapport aux modèles des réacteurs idéaux. Cette caractéristique est importante pour pouvoir calculer la performance d'une réaction avec une cinétique connue.
Mixing (process engineering)In industrial process engineering, mixing is a unit operation that involves manipulation of a heterogeneous physical system with the intent to make it more homogeneous. Familiar examples include pumping of the water in a swimming pool to homogenize the water temperature, and the stirring of pancake batter to eliminate lumps (deagglomeration). Mixing is performed to allow heat and/or mass transfer to occur between one or more streams, components or phases. Modern industrial processing almost always involves some form of mixing.
