Catégorie
Cytosquelette
Concepts associés (23)
Cytosquelette
Le cytosquelette d'une cellule est l'ensemble organisé des polymères biologiques qui lui confèrent l'essentiel de ses propriétés architecturales et mécaniques.
Protein filament
In biology, a protein filament is a long chain of protein monomers, such as those found in hair, muscle, or in flagella. Protein filaments form together to make the cytoskeleton of the cell. They are often bundled together to provide support, strength, and rigidity to the cell. When the filaments are packed up together, they are able to form three different cellular parts. The three major classes of protein filaments that make up the cytoskeleton include: actin filaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments.
Amibe
Une amibe est un micro-organisme appartenant à divers groupes de cellules complexes eucaryotes. Dans l'usage du terme, amibe désigne en fait des organismes membres de nombreux groupes de protistes de différents taxons eucaryotes : Amoebozoa, Acanthamoeba, Rhizaria, Heterokonta, Excavata et Opisthokonta : il ne s'agit donc pas d'un groupe monophylétique mais polyphylétique. L'ancêtre commun à toutes les amibes est peut-être également l'ancêtre commun de tous les eucaryotes.
Cell migration
Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. Tissue formation during embryonic development, wound healing and immune responses all require the orchestrated movement of cells in particular directions to specific locations. Cells often migrate in response to specific external signals, including chemical signals and mechanical signals. Errors during this process have serious consequences, including intellectual disability, vascular disease, tumor formation and metastasis.
Pseudopode
thumb|Un Chaos. Les pseudopodes (du grec pseudês, qui signifie « faux », et podos, « pied ») sont des déformations de la membrane plasmique qui permettent à une cellule de se nourrir et se déplacer en rampant sur un support dans une direction déterminée. C'est un prolongement cellulaire rétractile qui permet à la cellule de ramper sur une surface plane On observe la production de pseudopodes uniquement chez les cellules eucaryotes, plus précisément chez les cellules animales ou chez les protistes (par exemple : les amibes).
CDC42
Cell division control protein 42 homolog (Cdc42 or CDC42) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDC42 gene. Cdc42 is involved in regulation of the cell cycle. It was originally identified in S. cerevisiae (yeast) as a mediator of cell division, and is now known to influence a variety of signaling events and cellular processes in a variety of organisms from yeast to mammals. Human Cdc42 is a small GTPase of the Rho family, which regulates signaling pathways that control diverse cellular functions including cell morphology, cell migration, endocytosis and cell cycle progression.
Amoeboid movement
Amoeboid movement is the most typical mode of locomotion in adherent eukaryotic cells. It is a crawling-like type of movement accomplished by protrusion of cytoplasm of the cell involving the formation of pseudopodia ("false-feet") and posterior uropods. One or more pseudopodia may be produced at a time depending on the organism, but all amoeboid movement is characterized by the movement of organisms with an amorphous form that possess no set motility structures.
Rho-associated protein kinase
Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) is a kinase belonging to the AGC (PKA/ PKG/PKC) family of serine-threonine specific protein kinases. It is involved mainly in regulating the shape and movement of cells by acting on the cytoskeleton. ROCKs (ROCK1 and ROCK2) occur in mammals (human, rat, mouse, cow), zebrafish, Xenopus, invertebrates (C. elegans, mosquito, Drosophila) and chicken. Human ROCK1 has a molecular mass of 158 kDa and is a major downstream effector of the small GTPase RhoA.
Stathmin
Stathmin, also known as metablastin and oncoprotein 18 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STMN1 gene. Stathmin is a highly conserved 17 kDa protein that is crucial for the regulation of the cell cytoskeleton. Changes in the cytoskeleton are important because the cytoskeleton is a scaffold required for many cellular processes, such as cytoplasmic organization, cell division and cell motility. More specifically, stathmin is crucial in regulating the cell cycle. It is found solely in eukaryotes.
Troponine
La troponine est un complexe de protéines qui sensibilise les cellules musculaires au calcium. On trouve de la troponine aussi bien dans les muscles cardiaques que dans les muscles squelettiques, mais les versions spécifiques de la troponine diffèrent entre les types de muscle, du fait d'une expression différente des gènes respectifs (ceux du cœur par exemple). Elle est dosée dans le cadre de l'infarctus pour affirmer le diagnostic sur une suspiscion clinique (douleur thoracique typique du syndrome coronarien aigu) et électrocardiographique (sus ou sous décalage du segment ST).