Credit default optionIn finance, a default option, credit default swaption or credit default option is an option to buy protection (payer option) or sell protection (receiver option) as a credit default swap on a specific reference credit with a specific maturity. The option is usually European, exercisable only at one date in the future at a specific strike price defined as a coupon on the credit default swap. Credit default options on single credits are extinguished upon default without any cashflows, other than the upfront premium paid by the buyer of the option.
Vasicek modelIn finance, the Vasicek model is a mathematical model describing the evolution of interest rates. It is a type of one-factor short-rate model as it describes interest rate movements as driven by only one source of market risk. The model can be used in the valuation of interest rate derivatives, and has also been adapted for credit markets. It was introduced in 1977 by Oldřich Vašíček, and can be also seen as a stochastic investment model.
Stochastic discount factorThe concept of the stochastic discount factor (SDF) is used in financial economics and mathematical finance. The name derives from the price of an asset being computable by "discounting" the future cash flow by the stochastic factor , and then taking the expectation. This definition is of fundamental importance in asset pricing.
Butterfly (finance)En finance de marché, un Butterfly est une stratégie d'options présentant à l'achat un risque limité et ne prenant pas de position directionnelle à la hausse ou à la baisse des cours du sous-jacent. Ce produit financier est conçu pour obtenir une grande probabilité de gains limités lorsqu'on s'attend à ce que la volatilité du sous-jacent soit inférieure à celle de la volatilité implicite, ou autrement dit, à la volatilité attendue par le marché. Pour un achat, il correspond à l'achat d'un call, au prix d'e
Carhart four-factor modelIn portfolio management, the Carhart four-factor model is an extra factor addition in the Fama–French three-factor model, proposed by Mark Carhart. The Fama-French model, developed in the 1990, argued most stock market returns are explained by three factors: risk, price (value stocks tending to outperform) and company size (smaller company stocks tending to outperform). Carhart added a momentum factor for asset pricing of stocks. The Four Factor Model is also known in the industry as the Monthly Momentum Factor (MOM).
Security analysisIn finance, Security analysis is the evaluation and assessment of stocks or securities to determine their investment potential. It involves analyzing various factors, such as financial statements, industry trends, market conditions, and company-specific information, to make informed investment decisions. There are two primary approaches to security analysis, fundamental Analysis and technical Analysis. Security analysis deals with finding the proper value of individual securities (i.e., stocks, bonds and derivatives).
Intertemporal portfolio choiceIntertemporal portfolio choice is the process of allocating one's investable wealth to various assets, especially financial assets, repeatedly over time, in such a way as to optimize some criterion. The set of asset proportions at any time defines a portfolio. Since the returns on almost all assets are not fully predictable, the criterion has to take financial risk into account. Typically the criterion is the expected value of some concave function of the value of the portfolio after a certain number of time periods—that is, the expected utility of final wealth.
Action de croissanceUne action de croissance est une Action (finance) d'une société dont le volume d'activité (chiffre d'affaires notamment) et les résultats financiers (bénéfices...) s'accroissent fortement d'année en année et pour laquelle les analystes financiers et les investisseurs boursiers anticipent la poursuite de cette progression rapide. Au niveau du profil boursier, une action de croissance se distingue ainsi d'une action cyclique ou d'une action défensive, notamment par la progression rapide et régulière de son bénéfice par action.
Martingale pricingMartingale pricing is a pricing approach based on the notions of martingale and risk neutrality. The martingale pricing approach is a cornerstone of modern quantitative finance and can be applied to a variety of derivatives contracts, e.g. options, futures, interest rate derivatives, credit derivatives, etc. In contrast to the PDE approach to pricing, martingale pricing formulae are in the form of expectations which can be efficiently solved numerically using a Monte Carlo approach.
State pricesIn financial economics, a state-price security, also called an Arrow–Debreu security (from its origins in the Arrow–Debreu model), a pure security, or a primitive security is a contract that agrees to pay one unit of a numeraire (a currency or a commodity) if a particular state occurs at a particular time in the future and pays zero numeraire in all the other states. The price of this security is the state price of this particular state of the world. The state price vector is the vector of state prices for all states.
