Brasagethumb|Brasage de composants électroniques. Le brasage des métaux, aussi appelé brasure, est un procédé d'assemblage permanent qui établit une liaison métallique entre les pièces réunies. Contrairement au soudage (soudure), il n'y a pas fusion des bords assemblés. Selon les cas, il peut y avoir ou non utilisation d'un . Le mécanisme du brasage consiste en la diffusion/migration atomique de part et d'autre de l'interface solide/solide dans le cas d'un brasage sans métal d'apport et de l'interface solide/liquide/solide lorsqu'un métal d'apport est utilisé.
Bone graftingBone grafting is a surgical procedure that replaces missing bone in order to repair bone fractures that are extremely complex, pose a significant health risk to the patient, or fail to heal properly. Some small or acute fractures can be cured without bone grafting, but the risk is greater for large fractures like compound fractures. Bone generally has the ability to regenerate completely but requires a very small fracture space or some sort of scaffold to do so.
CryoprotectantA cryoprotectant is a substance used to protect biological tissue from freezing damage (i.e. that due to ice formation). Arctic and Antarctic insects, fish and amphibians create cryoprotectants (antifreeze compounds and antifreeze proteins) in their bodies to minimize freezing damage during cold winter periods. Cryoprotectants are also used to preserve living materials in the study of biology and to preserve food products. For years, glycerol has been used in cryobiology as a cryoprotectant for blood cells and bull sperm, allowing storage in liquid nitrogen at temperatures around −196°C.
Metamaterial cloakingMetamaterial cloaking is the usage of metamaterials in an invisibility cloak. This is accomplished by manipulating the paths traversed by light through a novel optical material. Metamaterials direct and control the propagation and transmission of specified parts of the light spectrum and demonstrate the potential to render an object seemingly invisible. Metamaterial cloaking, based on transformation optics, describes the process of shielding something from view by controlling electromagnetic radiation.
Metamaterial absorberA metamaterial absorber is a type of metamaterial intended to efficiently absorb electromagnetic radiation such as light. Furthermore, metamaterials are an advance in materials science. Hence, those metamaterials that are designed to be absorbers offer benefits over conventional absorbers such as further miniaturization, wider adaptability, and increased effectiveness. Intended applications for the metamaterial absorber include emitters, photodetectors, sensors, spatial light modulators, infrared camouflage, wireless communication, and use in solar photovoltaics and thermophotovoltaics.
Calcium lactateCalcium lactate is a white crystalline salt with formula C6H10CaO6, consisting of two lactate anions H3C(CHOH)CO2− for each calcium cation Ca2+. It forms several hydrates, the most common being the pentahydrate C6H10CaO6·5H2O. Calcium lactate is used in medicine, mainly to treat calcium deficiencies; and as a food additive with E number of E327. Some cheese crystals consist of calcium lactate. The lactate ion is chiral, with two enantiomers, D (−,R) and L (+,S).
Rupture (matériau)thumb|Courbe de traction idéale d'un matériau ductile thumb|Courbe de traction typique pour un matériau fragile En science des matériaux, la rupture ou fracture d'un matériau est la séparation, partielle (comme une crique ou une fissure ou une brisure) ou complète, en deux ou plusieurs pièces sous l'action d'une contrainte. Une rupture peut être souhaitée par le concepteur de la pièce comme dans le cas de la conception de dispositifs de sécurité ou au contraire celui-ci cherche à éviter cette rupture en mettant en adéquation la fonction de cette pièce avec les dimensionnements et choix des matériaux utilisés et des procédés de fabrication.
SuperplasticityIn materials science, superplasticity is a state in which solid crystalline material is deformed well beyond its usual breaking point, usually over about 400% during tensile deformation. Such a state is usually achieved at high homologous temperature. Examples of superplastic materials are some fine-grained metals and ceramics. Other non-crystalline materials (amorphous) such as silica glass ("molten glass") and polymers also deform similarly, but are not called superplastic, because they are not crystalline; rather, their deformation is often described as Newtonian fluid.
Péri-implantitevignette|Image à rayons-X montrant des implants dentaires (zircone) pouvant entraîner une réaction inflammatoire. La péri-implantite est la perte progressive de l'os péri-implantaire à la suite d'une réaction inflammatoire. Le risque de péri-implantite est accru lors de la mise en place d'un implant dentaire. La réaction inflammatoire pouvant survenir à la suite du déséquilibre de l'environnement intra-oral induit cette perte osseuse. Il s'agit de la principale source de complications à moyen et long terme des implants dentaires.
Tape castingTape casting (also called doctor blading, knife coating, and shank shifting) is a casting process used in the manufacture of thin ceramic tapes and sheets from ceramic slurry. The ceramic slurry is cast in a thin layer onto a flat surface and then dried and sintered. It's a part of powder metallurgy. Tape casting was first described as a method to mass-produce capacitors. In this first published description from 1947 the process was described as: "A machine is described which extrudes a ceramic slip with a resin binder on a moving belt.
