Zero ASICZero ASIC Corporation, formerly Adapteva, Inc., is a fabless semiconductor company focusing on low power many core microprocessor design. The company was the second company to announce a design with 1,000 specialized processing cores on a single integrated circuit. Adapteva was founded in 2008 with the goal of bringing a ten times advancement in floating-point performance per watt for the mobile device market.
Parallel programming modelIn computing, a parallel programming model is an abstraction of parallel computer architecture, with which it is convenient to express algorithms and their composition in programs. The value of a programming model can be judged on its generality: how well a range of different problems can be expressed for a variety of different architectures, and its performance: how efficiently the compiled programs can execute. The implementation of a parallel programming model can take the form of a library invoked from a sequential language, as an extension to an existing language, or as an entirely new language.
Chapel (langage)Chapel, the Cascade High Productivity Language, is a parallel programming language that was developed by Cray, and later by Hewlett Packard Enterprise which acquired Cray. It was being developed as part of the Cray Cascade project, a participant in DARPA's High Productivity Computing Systems (HPCS) program, which had the goal of increasing supercomputer productivity by 2010. It is being developed as an open source project, under version 2 of the Apache license. The Chapel compiler is written in C and C++ (C++14).
Traitement massivement parallèleEn informatique, le traitement massivement parallèle (en anglais, massively parallel processing ou massively parallel computing) est l'utilisation d'un grand nombre de processeurs (ou d'ordinateurs distincts) pour effectuer un ensemble de calculs coordonnés en parallèle (c'est-à-dire simultanément). Différentes approches ont été utilisées pour implanter le traitement massivement parallèle. Dans cette approche, la puissance de calcul d'un grand nombre d'ordinateurs distribués est utilisée de façon opportuniste chaque fois qu'un ordinateur est disponible.
Task parallelismTask parallelism (also known as function parallelism and control parallelism) is a form of parallelization of computer code across multiple processors in parallel computing environments. Task parallelism focuses on distributing tasks—concurrently performed by processes or threads—across different processors. In contrast to data parallelism which involves running the same task on different components of data, task parallelism is distinguished by running many different tasks at the same time on the same data.
Central processing unitA central processing unit (CPU)—also called a central processor or main processor—is the most important processor in a given computer. Its electronic circuitry executes instructions of a computer program, such as arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O) operations. This role contrasts with that of external components, such as main memory and I/O circuitry, and specialized coprocessors such as graphics processing units (GPUs). The form, design, and implementation of CPUs have changed over time, but their fundamental operation remains almost unchanged.
Dataflow programmingIn computer programming, dataflow programming is a programming paradigm that models a program as a directed graph of the data flowing between operations, thus implementing dataflow principles and architecture. Dataflow programming languages share some features of functional languages, and were generally developed in order to bring some functional concepts to a language more suitable for numeric processing. Some authors use the term datastream instead of dataflow to avoid confusion with dataflow computing or dataflow architecture, based on an indeterministic machine paradigm.
Noyau de système d'exploitationUn noyau de système d’exploitation, ou simplement noyau, ou kernel en anglais, est une des parties fondamentales de certains systèmes d’exploitation. Il gère les ressources de l’ordinateur et permet aux différents composants — matériels et logiciels — de communiquer entre eux. En tant que partie du système d’exploitation, le noyau fournit des mécanismes d’abstraction du matériel, notamment de la mémoire, du (ou des) processeur(s), et des échanges d’informations entre logiciels et périphériques matériels.
Section critiqueEn programmation concurrente, une section critique est une portion de code dans laquelle il doit être garanti qu'il n'y aura jamais plus d'un thread simultanément. Il est nécessaire d'utiliser des sections critiques lorsqu'il y a accès à des ressources partagées par plusieurs threads. Une section critique peut être protégée par un mutex, un sémaphore ou d'autres primitives de programmation concurrente.
MultiprocessingMultiprocessing is the use of two or more central processing units (CPUs) within a single computer system. The term also refers to the ability of a system to support more than one processor or the ability to allocate tasks between them. There are many variations on this basic theme, and the definition of multiprocessing can vary with context, mostly as a function of how CPUs are defined (multiple cores on one die, multiple dies in one package, multiple packages in one system unit, etc.).
