Avant-brasLavant-bras est, chez l'Homme, la partie du membre supérieur comprise entre le coude et le poignet. L'avant-bras comporte deux os longs disposés dans l'axe du membre : l'ulna (ou cubitus) situé médialement, et le radius en position latérale. Ces deux os sont articulés entre eux au niveau de leurs extrémités supérieures et inférieures, respectivement. Ils sont reliés par une membrane interosseuse sur leurs trois quarts inférieurs, et par une corde oblique au niveau de leur partie supérieure.
Consolidation osseuseLa consolidation osseuse est un processus de reconstruction de l'os à la suite d'une fracture osseuse. Le processus de consolidation comporte 3 phases : Elle débute immédiatement après la fracture avec formation d’un hématome périfracturaire (J0 à J20). Formation du cal mou (fibreux) (J20 à J30) Formation du cal dur (ossification) (J30 à J60) Elle a pour but d’adapter le segment osseux aux contraintes mécaniques (1 à 4 ans).
TibiaEn anatomie humaine, le tibia est un os long pair du membre inférieur. Il constitue avec la fibula le squelette de la jambe. C'est le deuxième plus long os du corps humain, le plus long étant le fémur. En latin, tibia signifie « flûte ». Le mot peut s'expliquer par l'analogie de forme entre l'os et l'instrument, et donc aussi par l'usage possible comme flûte du tibia de certains oiseaux tels que la grue, de certains animaux comme le mouton, voire de l'homme, l'os ayant été vidé de sa moelle et percé.
Range of motionRange of motion (or ROM) is the linear or angular distance that a moving object may normally travel while properly attached to another. In biomechanics and strength training, ROM refers to the angular distance and direction a joint can move between the flexed position and the extended position. The act of attempting to increase this distance through therapeutic exercises (range of motion therapy—stretching from flexion to extension for physiological gain) is also sometimes called range of motion.
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstructionAnterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL reconstruction) is a surgical tissue graft replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament, located in the knee, to restore its function after an injury. The torn ligament can either be removed from the knee (most common), or preserved (where the graft is passed inside the preserved ruptured native ligament) before reconstruction through an arthroscopic procedure. ACL repair is also a surgical option. This involves repairing the ACL by re-attaching it, instead of performing a reconstruction.
OsteochondromaOsteochondromas are the most common benign tumors of the bones. The tumors take the form of cartilage-capped bony projections or outgrowth on the surface of bones exostoses. It is characterized as a type of overgrowth that can occur in any bone where cartilage forms bone. Tumors most commonly affect long bones about the knee and in the forearm. Additionally, flat bones such as the pelvis and scapula (shoulder blade) may be affected. Hereditary multiple exostoses usually present during childhood.
ArthropathyAn arthropathy is a disease of a joint. Arthritis is a form of arthropathy that involves inflammation of one or more joints, while the term arthropathy may be used regardless of whether there is inflammation or not. Joint diseases can be classified as follows: Arthritis Infectious arthritis Septic arthritis (infectious) Tuberculosis arthritis Reactive arthritis (indirectly) Noninfectious arthritis Seronegative spondyloarthropathy: Psoriatic arthritis Ankylosing spondylitis Rheumatoid arthritis: Felty's syndrome Juvenile idiopathic arthritis Adult-onset Still's disease Crystal arthropathy Gout Chondrocalcinosis Osteoarthritis Hemarthrosis (joint bleeding) Synovitis is the medical term for inflammation of the synovial membrane.
Internal fixationInternal fixation is an operation in orthopedics that involves the surgical implementation of implants for the purpose of repairing a bone, a concept that dates to the mid-nineteenth century and was made applicable for routine treatment in the mid-twentieth century. An internal fixator may be made of stainless steel, titanium alloy, or cobalt-chrome alloy. or plastics. Types of internal fixators include: Plate and screws Kirschner wires Intramedullary nails Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) involves the implementation of implants to guide the healing process of a bone, as well as the open reduction, or setting, of the bone.
Knee painKnee pain is pain in or around the knee. The knee joint consists of an articulation between four bones: the femur, tibia, fibula and patella. There are four compartments to the knee. These are the medial and lateral tibiofemoral compartments, the patellofemoral compartment and the superior tibiofibular joint. The components of each of these compartments can experience repetitive strain, injury or disease. Running long distance can cause pain to the knee joint, as it is a high-impact exercise.
RachitismeLe rachitisme est une maladie de la croissance et de l'ossification observée chez le nourrisson et le jeune enfant. Elle se caractérise par une insuffisance de calcification des os et des cartilages et elle est due à une carence en vitamine D et en calcium. Cette carence est principalement liée à un défaut d'exposition solaire (rayonnement ultra-violet), plus accessoirement à des carences alimentaires.
