Babak FalsafiBabak is a Professor in the School of Computer and Communication Sciences and the founding director of the EcoCloud, an industrial/academic consortium at EPFL investigating scalable data-centric technologies. He has made numerous contributions to computer system design and evaluation including a scalable multiprocessor architecture which was prototyped by Sun Microsystems (now Oracle), snoop filters and memory streaming technologies that are incorporated into IBM BlueGene/P and Q and ARM cores, and computer system performance evaluation methodologies that have been in use by AMD, HP and Google PerKit . He has shown that hardware memory consistency models are neither necessary (in the 90's) nor sufficient (a decade later) to achieve high performance in multiprocessor systems. These results eventually led to fence speculation in modern microprocessors. His latest work on workload-optimized server processors laid the foundation for the first generation of Cavium ARM server CPUs, ThunderX. He is a recipient of an NSF CAREER award, IBM Faculty Partnership Awards, and an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship. He is a fellow of IEEE and ACM.
Martin VetterliMartin Vetterli a été nommé Président de l'École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) par le Conseil fédéral à l’issue d’un processus de sélection mené par le Conseil des EPF - qui l'a désigné à l'unanimité.
Né à Soleure le 4 octobre 1957, Martin Vetterli a suivi sa scolarité et effectué sa maturité dans le canton de Neuchâtel. Ingénieur en génie électrique de l’ETHZ (1981), diplômé de l’Université de Stanford (1982) et docteur en sciences de l’EPFL (1986), Martin Vetterli a enseigné à Columbia University comme professeur assistant puis associé. Il a ensuite été nommé professeur ordinaire au département du génie électrique et des sciences de l’informatique de l’Université de Berkeley, avant de revenir à l’EPFL en tant que professeur ordinaire à l’âge de 38 ans. Il a également enseigné à l’ETHZ et à l’Université de Stanford.
Ses activités de recherche centrées sur le génie électrique, les sciences de l’informatique et les mathématiques appliquées lui ont valu de nombreuses récompenses nationales et internationales, parmi lesquelles le Prix Latsis National, en 1996. Il est Fellow de l’Association for Computing Machinery et de l'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers et membre de la National Academy of Engineering (NAE) notamment. Martin Vetterli a publié plus de 170 articles et trois ouvrages de référence.
Ses travaux sur la théorie des ondelettes, utilisées dans le traitement du signal, sont reconnus par ses pairs comme étant d’une portée majeure, et ses domaines de prédilection, comme la compression des images et vidéos ou les systèmes de communication auto-organisés, sont au cœur du développement des nouvelles technologies de l’information. En tant que directeur fondateur du Pôle de Recherche National Systèmes mobiles d’information et de communication, le professeur Vetterli est un fervent défenseur de la recherche transdisciplinaire.
Martin Vetterli connaît l’EPFL de l’intérieur. Alumnus de l’Ecole, il y enseigne depuis 1995, a été le vice-président chargé des relations internationales puis des affaires institutionnelles de l’Ecole entre 2004 à 2011, et doyen de la Faculté Informatique et Communication en 2011 et 2012. En parallèle à sa fonction de président du Conseil national de la recherche du Fonds national suisse qu’il a occupé de 2013 à 2016, il dirige le Laboratoire de Communications Audiovisuelles (LCAV) de l’EPFL depuis 1995.
Martin Vetterli a accompagné plus de 60 doctorants en Suisse et aux Etats-Unis pendant leur thèse et se fait un point d’honneur de suivre l’évolution de leur parcours au plus haut niveau, académique ou dans le monde entrepreneurial.
L’ingénieur est l’auteur d’une cinquantaine de brevets qui ont conduit à la création de plusieurs startups issues de son laboratoire, comme Dartfish ou Illusonic, ainsi qu’à des transferts de technologie par le biais de vente de brevets (Qualcomm). Il encourage activement les jeunes chercheurs à poursuivre ces efforts et commercialiser les résultats de leurs travaux.
Aleksandra RadenovicFrom April 2021 Full Professor 2015 -2021 Associate Professor2008-2015 Tenure-Track Assistant Professor2004-2007 Postdoc at the University of California, Berkeley in the group of Prof.Liphardt2003 PhD student of Prof. Dietler in Laboratory of Physics of Living Matter, University of Lausanne 1999 Diploma thesis on the subject of the Raman spectroscopy of beta carotene1994-1999 Physics department at the University of Zagreb1994 baccalaureate, Classical gymnasium
Henry MarkramHenry Markram started a dual scientific and medical career at the University of Cape Town, in South Africa. His scientific work in the 80s revealed the polymodal receptive fields of pontomedullary reticular formation neurons in vivo and how acetylcholine re-organized these sensory maps.
He moved to Israel in 1988 and obtained his PhD at the Weizmann Institute where he discovered a link between acetylcholine and memory mechanisms by being the first to show that acetylcholine modulates the NMDA receptor in vitro studies, and thereby gates which synapses can undergo synaptic plasticity. He was also the first to characterize the electrical and anatomical properties of the cholinergic neurons in the medial septum diagonal band.
He carried out a first postdoctoral study as a Fulbright Scholar at the NIH, on the biophysics of ion channels on synaptic vesicles using sub-fractionation methods to isolate synaptic vesicles and patch-clamp recordings to characterize the ion channels. He carried out a second postdoctoral study at the Max Planck Institute, as a Minerva Fellow, where he discovered that individual action potentials propagating back into dendrites also cause pulsed influx of Ca2 into the dendrites and found that sub-threshold activity could also activated a low threshold Ca2 channel. He developed a model to show how different types of electrical activities can divert Ca2 to activate different intracellular targets depending on the speed of Ca2 influx an insight that helps explain how Ca2 acts as a universal second messenger. His most well known discovery is that of the millisecond watershed to judge the relevance of communication between neurons marked by the back-propagating action potential. This phenomenon is now called Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP), which many laboratories around the world have subsequently found in multiple brain regions and many theoreticians have incorporated as a learning rule. At the Max-Planck he also started exploring the micro-anatomical and physiological principles of the different neurons of the neocortex and of the mono-synaptic connections that they form - the first step towards a systematic reverse engineering of the neocortical microcircuitry to derive the blue prints of the cortical column in a manner that would allow computer model reconstruction.
He received a tenure track position at the Weizmann Institute where he continued the reverse engineering studies and also discovered a number of core principles of the structural and functional organization such as differential signaling onto different neurons, models of dynamic synapses with Misha Tsodyks, the computational functions of dynamic synapses, and how GABAergic neurons map onto interneurons and pyramidal neurons. A major contribution during this period was his discovery of Redistribution of Synaptic Efficacy (RSE), where he showed that co-activation of neurons does not only alter synaptic strength, but also the dynamics of transmission. At the Weizmann, he also found the tabula rasa principle which governs the random structural connectivity between pyramidal neurons and a non-random functional connectivity due to target selection. Markram also developed a novel computation framework with Wolfgang Maass to account for the impact of multiple time constants in neurons and synapses on information processing called liquid computing or high entropy computing.
In 2002, he was appointed Full professor at the EPFL where he founded and directed the Brain Mind Institute. During this time Markram continued his reverse engineering approaches and developed a series of new technologies to allow large-scale multi-neuron patch-clamp studies. Markrams lab discovered a novel microcircuit plasticity phenomenon where connections are formed and eliminated in a Darwinian manner as apposed to where synapses are strengthening or weakened as found for LTP. This was the first demonstration that neural circuits are constantly being re-wired and excitation can boost the rate of re-wiring.
At the EPFL he also completed the much of the reverse engineering studies on the neocortical microcircuitry, revealing deeper insight into the circuit design and built databases of the blue-print of the cortical column. In 2005 he used these databases to launched the Blue Brain Project. The BBP used IBMs most advanced supercomputers to reconstruct a detailed computer model of the neocortical column composed of 10000 neurons, more than 340 different types of neurons distributed according to a layer-based recipe of composition and interconnected with 30 million synapses (6 different types) according to synaptic mapping recipes. The Blue Brain team built dozens of applications that now allow automated reconstruction, simulation, visualization, analysis and calibration of detailed microcircuits. This Proof of Concept completed, Markrams lab has now set the agenda towards whole brain and molecular modeling.
With an in depth understanding of the neocortical microcircuit, Markram set a path to determine how the neocortex changes in Autism. He found hyper-reactivity due to hyper-connectivity in the circuitry and hyper-plasticity due to hyper-NMDA expression. Similar findings in the Amygdala together with behavioral evidence that the animal model of autism expressed hyper-fear led to the novel theory of Autism called the Intense World Syndrome proposed by Henry and Kamila Markram. The Intense World Syndrome claims that the brain of an Autist is hyper-sensitive and hyper-plastic which renders the world painfully intense and the brain overly autonomous. The theory is acquiring rapid recognition and many new studies have extended the findings to other brain regions and to other models of autism.
Markram aims to eventually build detailed computer models of brains of mammals to pioneer simulation-based research in the neuroscience which could serve to aggregate, integrate, unify and validate our knowledge of the brain and to use such a facility as a new tool to explore the emergence of intelligence and higher cognitive functions in the brain, and explore hypotheses of diseases as well as treatments.
Jean-Cédric ChappelierJean-Cédric Chappelier est ingénieur diplômé et docteur de l'Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Paris. Il est actuellement collaborateur scientifique et chargé de cours à l'Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne où il participe à l'activité de recherche et enseigne, entre autres, dans le domaine du traitement automatique des langues.
