Mobile technologyMobile technology is the technology used for cellular communication. Mobile technology has evolved rapidly over the past few years. Since the start of this millennium, a standard mobile device has gone from being no more than a simple two-way pager to being a mobile phone, GPS navigation device, an embedded web browser and instant messaging client, and a handheld gaming console. Many experts believe that the future of computer technology rests in mobile computing with wireless networking.
Multi-band deviceIn telecommunications, a multi-band device (including (2) dual-band, (3) tri-band, (4) quad-band and (5) penta-band devices) is a communication device (especially a mobile phone) that supports multiple radio frequency bands. All devices which have more than one channel use multiple frequencies; a band however is a group of frequencies containing many channels. Multiple bands in mobile devices support roaming between different regions where different standards are used for mobile telephone services.
Résonances de SchumannLes résonances de Schumann sont un ensemble de pics spectraux dans le domaine d'extrêmement basse fréquence (3 à ) du champ magnétique terrestre. Ces résonances globales dans la cavité formée par la surface de la Terre et l'ionosphère, qui fonctionne comme un guide d'ondes, sont excitées par les éclairs. Le mode principal a une longueur d'onde égale à la circonférence de la planète et donc une fréquence de 7,8 Hz. Sont présentes, en plus de la fondamentale à 7,8 Hz, des harmoniques à 14,3 Hz, 20,8 Hz, 27,3 Hz et 33,8 Hz.
3Gvignette|Un modem USB 3G branché sur un ordinateur portable pour permettre une connexion mobile à internet. Apparue en 2000, la troisième génération (3G) désigne une famille de normes de réseau de téléphonie mobile. Elle est représentée principalement par les normes Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) et CDMA2000, permettant des débits (de permis par la dernière génération des réseaux UMTS : l'HSPA+ DC) qui sont bien plus rapides que la génération précédente, par exemple le GSM.
Critical frequencyIn telecommunication, the term critical frequency has the following meanings: In radio propagation by way of the ionosphere, the limiting frequency at or below which a wave component is reflected by, and above which it penetrates through, an ionospheric layer. At near vertical incidence, the limiting frequency at or below which incidence, the wave component is reflected by, and above which it penetrates through, an ionospheric layer. Critical Frequency changes with time of day, atmospheric conditions and angle of fire of the radio waves by antenna.
Free-space path lossIn telecommunication, the free-space path loss (FSPL) (also known as free-space loss, FSL) is the attenuation of radio energy between the feedpoints of two antennas that results from the combination of the receiving antenna's capture area plus the obstacle-free, line-of-sight (LoS) path through free space (usually air). The "Standard Definitions of Terms for Antennas", IEEE Std 145-1993, defines free-space loss as "The loss between two isotropic radiators in free space, expressed as a power ratio.
Affaiblissement de propagationL’affaiblissement de propagation, aussi connu comme affaiblissement de parcours ou par son nom anglais de path loss, caractérise l'affaiblissement que subit la puissance d'une onde électromagnétique lorsqu'elle parcourt une certaine distance. Cet affaiblissement est dû à la dispersion de la puissance, mais également aux obstacles rencontrés sur le chemin : édifices, montagnes, précipitations et autres, bloquant, dispersant, réfléchissant ou réfractant le signal.
Cyclic prefixIn telecommunications, the term cyclic prefix refers to the prefixing of a symbol with a repetition of the end. The receiver is typically configured to discard the cyclic prefix samples, but the cyclic prefix serves two purposes: It provides a guard interval to eliminate intersymbol interference from the previous symbol. It repeats the end of the symbol so the linear convolution of a frequency-selective multipath channel can be modeled as circular convolution, which in turn may transform to the frequency domain via a discrete Fourier transform.
Spatial multiplexingSpatial multiplexing or space-division multiplexing (SM, SDM or SMX) is a multiplexing technique in MIMO wireless communication, fibre-optic communication and other communications technologies used to transmit independent channels separated in space. In fibre-optic communication SDM refers to the usage of the transverse dimension of the fibre to separate the channels. Multi-core fibres are fibres designed with more than a single core.
Chip (CDMA)In digital communications, a chip is a pulse of a direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) code, such as a pseudo-random noise (PN) code sequence used in direct-sequence code-division multiple access (CDMA) channel access techniques. In a binary direct-sequence system, each chip is typically a rectangular pulse of +1 or −1 amplitude, which is multiplied by a data sequence (similarly +1 or −1 representing the message bits) and by a carrier waveform to make the transmitted signal.
