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Cruciform is a term for physical manifestations resembling a common cross or Christian cross. The label can be extended to architectural shapes, biology, art, and design. Cathedral diagram and Cathedral architecture of Western Europe Christian churches are commonly described as having a cruciform architecture. In Early Christian, Byzantine and other Eastern Orthodox forms of church architecture this is likely to mean a tetraconch plan, a Greek cross, with arms of equal length or, later, a cross-in-square plan. In the Western churches, a cruciform architecture usually, though not exclusively, means a church built with the layout developed in Gothic architecture. This layout comprises the following: An east end, containing an altar and often with an elaborate, decorated window, through which light will shine in the early part of the day. A west end, which sometimes contains a baptismal font, being a large decorated bowl, in which water can be firstly, blessed (dedicated to the use and purposes of God) and then used for baptism. North and south transepts, being "arms" of the cross and often containing rooms for gathering, small side chapels, or in many cases other necessities such as an organ and toilets. The crossing, which in later designs often was under a tower or dome. In churches that are not oriented with the altar at the geographical east end, it is usual to refer to the altar end as "liturgical east" and so forth. Methodist tabernacles also have a cruciform shape. Another example of ancient cruciform architecture can be found in Herod's temple, the second Jewish temple. Cruciform DNA DNA can undergo transitions to form a cruciform shape, including a structure called a Holliday junction. This structure is important for the critical biological processes of DNA recombination and repair mutations that occur in the cell. Cruciform joint A cruciform joint is a specific joint in which four spaces are created by the welding of three plates of metal at right angles.

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Concepts associés (6)

Architecture ecclésiastique

L'architecture ecclésiastique se réfère à l'architecture de bâtiments religieux chrétiens. Elle a évolué en plus de deux mille ans de chrétienté, en partie par innovation et en partie par imitation d'autres styles architecturaux, mais aussi en répondant aux changements de croyances, aux pratiques et aux traditions locales. Les influences à la fois théologiques et pratiques sur l'architecture religieuse se sont inspirées des bâtiments païens ou séculiers ainsi que ceux des autres fois.

Christian cross variants

The Christian cross, with or without a figure of Christ included, is the main religious symbol of Christianity. A cross with a figure of Christ affixed to it is termed a crucifix and the figure is often referred to as the corpus (Latin for "body"). The term Greek cross designates a cross with arms of equal length, as in a plus sign, while the Latin cross designates a cross with an elongated descending arm. Numerous other variants have been developed during the medieval period.

Empire byzantin

L’'Empire byzantin' ou Empire romain d'Orient désigne l'État apparu vers le dans la partie orientale de l'Empire romain, au moment où celui-ci se divise progressivement en deux. Il se caractérise par sa longévité : il puise ses origines dans la fondation même de Rome, et la datation de ses débuts change selon les critères choisis par chaque historien. La fondation de Constantinople, sa capitale, par en 330, autant que la division d’un Empire romain de plus en plus difficile à gouverner et qui devient définitive en 395, sont parfois citées.