The foreign relations of Finland are the responsibility of the president of Finland, who leads foreign policy in cooperation with the government. Implicitly the government is responsible for internal policy and decision making in the European Union. Within the government, preparative discussions are conducted in the government committee of foreign and security policy (ulko- ja turvallisuuspoliittinen ministerivaliokunta), which includes the Prime Minister and at least the Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Minister of Defence, and at most four other ministers as necessary. The committee meets with the President as necessary. Laws concerning foreign relations are discussed in the parliamentary committee of foreign relations (ulkoasiainvaliokunta, utrikesutskottet). The Ministry of Foreign Affairs implements the foreign policy.
During the Cold War, Finland's foreign policy was based on official neutrality between the Western powers and the Soviet Union, while simultaneously stressing Nordic cooperation in the framework of the Nordic Council and cautious economic integration with the West as promoted by the Bretton-Woods Agreement and the free trade treaty with the European Economic Community. Finland shares this history with close neighbour Sweden, which Finland was a part of until the split of the Swedish empire in 1809. Finland did not join the Soviet Union's economic sphere (Comecon) but remained a free-market economy and conducted bilateral trade with the Soviet Union. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Finland unilaterally abrogated the last restrictions imposed on it by the Paris peace treaties of 1947 and the Finno-Soviet Agreement of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance. The government filed an application for membership in the European Union (EU) three months after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and became a member in 1995. Finland did not attempt to join NATO, even though post-Soviet countries on the Baltic Sea and elsewhere joined.
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La politique étrangère de la Finlande s'est développée après l'établissement du ministère des Affaires étrangères finlandais en 1917. Le pays profite de la révolution russe pour proclamé son indépendance envers l'Empire russe. Ses relations envers ce qui devient l'URSS sont d'abord conflictuelles. La guerre d'Hiver en 1939/1940 contre son puissant voisin lui fit perdre une partie de son territoire malgré une résistance acharnée.
The Finnish Government (Suomen valtioneuvosto; Finlands statsråd; Finland's council of state) is the executive branch and cabinet of Finland, which directs the politics of Finland and is the main source of legislation proposed to the Parliament. The Government has collective ministerial responsibility and represents Finland in the Council of the European Union. In the incumbent Orpo Cabinet, the Government comprises 19 ministers leading 12 ministries.
La guerre froide (en anglais Cold War ; en russe Холодная война, Kholodnaïa voïna) est le nom donné à la période de fortes tensions géopolitiques durant la seconde moitié du , entre d'une part les États-Unis et leurs alliés constitutifs du bloc de l'Ouest et d'autre part l'Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques (URSS) et ses États satellites formant le bloc de l'Est. La guerre froide s'installe progressivement à partir de la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale dans les années 1945 à 1947 et dure jusqu'à la chute des régimes communistes en Europe en 1989, rapidement suivie de la dislocation de l'URSS en .