Fictional language

Fictional languages are the subset of constructed languages (conlangs) that have been created as part of a fictional setting (e.g. for use in a book, movie, television show, or video game). Typically they are the creation of one individual, while natural languages evolve out of a particular culture or people group, and other conlangs may have group involvement. Fictional languages are also distinct from natural languages in that they have no native speakers. By contrast, the constructed language of Esperanto now has native speakers. Fictional languages are intended to be the languages of a fictional world and are often designed with the intent of giving more depth, and an appearance of plausibility, to the fictional worlds with which they are associated. The goal of the author may be to have their characters communicate in a fashion which is both alien and dislocated. Within their fictional world, these languages do function as natural languages, helping to identify certain races or people groups and set them apart from others. While some less-formed fictional languages are created as distorted versions or dialects of a pre-existing natural language, many are independently designed conlangs with their own lexicon (some more robust than others) and rules of grammar. Some of the latter are fully formed enough to be learned as a speakable language, and many subcultures exist of those who are 'fluent' in one or more of these fictional languages. Often after the creator of a fictional language has accomplished their task, the fandom of that fictional universe will pick up where the creator left off and continue to flesh out the language, making it more like a natural language and therefore more usable. Fictional languages are separated from artistic languages by both purpose and relative completion: a fictional language often has the least amount of grammar and vocabulary possible, and rarely extends beyond the absolutely necessary. At the same time, some others have developed languages in detail for their own sake, such as J.

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Concepts associés (8)

Fictional language

Langue construite

vignette|Le drapeau des langues construites, représentant la tour de Babel. Une langue construite ou planifiée (ou idéolangue, parfois dénommée langue artificielle, ou conlang pour constructed language en anglais) est une langue créée par une ou plusieurs personnes dans un temps relativement bref, contrairement aux langues naturelles dont l'élaboration est en grande partie spontanée et sans plan d'ensemble. Il est donc parfois difficile de cloisonner les langues dans ces deux catégories.

Langue imaginaire

Le développement des œuvres de fiction, notamment dans le domaine de la science-fiction et du fantastique, a conduit à la création par les auteurs de langues imaginaires. On peut citer quelques exemples célèbres, tels que le novlangue dans 1984 de George Orwell, les langues elfiques (quenya et sindarin) dans les ouvrages de J. R. R. Tolkien ayant pour cadre l'univers de la Terre du Milieu, ou encore le klingon dans Star Trek. Dans la série de livres Le Trône de fer par exemple, le dothraki est une langue imaginaire, tout comme l'est l'elfique, une langue inventée par J.