Turkic migrationThe Turkic migrations were the spread of Turkic tribes and Turkic languages across Eurasia between the 6th and 11th centuries. In the 6th century, the Göktürks overthrew the Rouran Khaganate in what is now Mongolia and expanded in all directions, spreading Turkic culture throughout the Eurasian steppes. Although Göktürk empires came to an end in the 8th century, they were succeeded by numerous Turkic empires such as the Uyghur Khaganate, Kara-Khanid Khanate, Khazars, and the Cumans.
Mongolic peoplesThe Mongolic peoples are a collection of East Asian-originated ethnic groups in East, North, South Asia and Eastern Europe, who speak Mongolic languages. Their ancestors are referred to as Proto-Mongols. The largest contemporary Mongolic ethnic group is the Mongols. Mongolic-speaking people, although distributed in a wide geographical area, show a high genetic affinity to each other, and display continuity with ancient Northeast Asians. In addition, Mongolized Soyots live in Buryatia. Their population is 3600 people.
République socialiste soviétiqueLes républiques socialistes soviétiques (abrégées en RSS, en russe Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика, littéralement ; aussi союзные республики, soïouznye respoubliki, littéralement « républiques unionales ») furent d'abord les douze états bolcheviks qui ont succédé à la République russe à partir de la révolution d'Octobre (1917-1922) puis les quinze républiques fédérées de l'Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques (URSS, 1922-1991).
Qiniq (tribe)Qiniq (Qınıq; Kınık; Gynyk; قنق) also spelled Qïnïq, Qynyk or Qynyq, was an Oghuz Turkic (or Turkmen) tribe. Oghuz Turk Oghuz Turks were a branch of Turkic peoples. In the early Medieval Ages, most of them were nomads and their political structure was tribal. There were 22 or 24 Oghuz tribes. The tribes were listed in a number of medieval books with Islamic sources calling Muslim Oghuzes as Turkmen by the 10th century. They were also mentioned in Oghuz legend. According to the myth, there were 24 tribes in two main groups.
Achgabatvignette|Ashgabat vue par le satellite SPOT. Achgabat (en turkmène : Aşgabat) ou Achkhabad (en Ашхабад) est la principale ville et la capitale du Turkménistan, en Asie centrale. Elle se trouve dans une oasis du désert du Karakoum, au pied de la chaîne de Kopet-Dag, près de la frontière iranienne. Sa population s'élevait à en 2012. Le nom turkmène de la ville est Aşgabat (Achg : amour, et abat : ville, en langue persane d'où son nom « Ashgabat » en persan), mais sous l'Empire russe comme pendant la période soviétique, c'est l'orthographe russe (Ашхабад, Achkhabad) qui était employée.
AfcharsLes Afchars (ou Afshars) sont un des peuples turcs les plus répandus en Iran. Ils sont très nombreux en Azerbaïdjan, au Khorassan, à Kerman, au Khouzistan, à Veramin, Zandjan, Hamadan et Mazandéran. Selon les historiens, Afchar est le nom du fils aîné de Yıldız Khan, le troisième fils du presque légendaire Oğuz Khan. Afchar signifie soit « chasseur habile », soit « celui qui liquide une affaire promptement ». L'origine des Afchars remonte à un groupe de tribus des Oghouzes.
KanglyThe Kangly (康曷利; pinyin: Kānghélì; Middle Chinese (ZS): /khɑŋ-ɦɑt̚-liɪH/ or 康里 pinyin: Kānglĭ < MC-ZS: /khɑŋ-lɨX/; Karakhanid: قنكلى Kaγnï or قنكلى Kaŋlï, also spelled Qanglı, Kanly, Kangly, Qangli, Kangli or Kankali) were a Turkic people of Eurasia who were active from the Tang dynasty up to the Mongol Empire and Yuan dynasty. They may be related to the Kipchaks or Pechenegs, or they may have been a branch of the Kök Turks who were conquered by the Tang dynasty of China.
Salur (tribe)Salur, Salyr or Salgur (Salır, Salyr, سالور) was an ancient Oghuz Turkic (or Turkoman) tribe and a sub-branch of the Üçok tribal federation. The medieval Karamanid principality in Anatolia belonged to the Karaman branch of the Salur. The Salghurids of Fars (Atabegs of Fars), were also a dynasty of Salur origin. The patriarchs of the modern Turkmen tribe of Salyr in Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Iraq, and Iran, as well as the Salars of China claim descent from the original Oghuz tribe of Salur.
KarapapakhsThe Karapapakhs or Terekeme (Qarapapaqlar, Tərəkəmələr; Karapapaklar, Terekemeler) are a Turkic people, who originally spoke the Karapapakh language, a western Oghuz language closely related to Azerbaijani and Turkish. Nowadays, the Karapapakh language has been largely supplanted by Azerbaijani and Turkish. After moving into Western Asia in the Middle Ages together with other Turkic speakers and Mongol nomads, the Karapapakhs settled along the Debed river in eastern Georgia (along the present-day Georgian-Armenian border).
Bataille de la colline de LebounionLa bataille de la colline de Lebounion est une victoire remportée dans la basse vallée de la Maritsa, à l'ouest de Constantinople, par les forces byzantines d'Alexis Comnène et ses alliés coumans sur les envahisseurs petchénègues. Depuis leurs premières incursions dans le territoire de l'empire, les Petchenègues ont toujours été un danger pour les Byzantins par leurs pillages. L'armée impériale a déjà essayé de repousser ces envahisseurs avec des fortunes diverses.
