The Churchill war ministry was the United Kingdom's coalition government for most of the Second World War from 10 May 1940 to 23 May 1945. It was led by Winston Churchill, who was appointed Prime Minister of the United Kingdom by King George VI following the resignation of Neville Chamberlain in the aftermath of the Norway Debate.
At the outset, Churchill formed a five-man war cabinet which included Chamberlain as Lord President of the Council, Clement Attlee as Lord Privy Seal and later as Deputy Prime Minister, Viscount Halifax as Foreign Secretary and Arthur Greenwood as a minister without portfolio. Although the original war cabinet was limited to five members, in practice they were augmented by the service chiefs and ministers who attended the majority of meetings. The cabinet changed in size and membership as the war progressed but there were significant additions later in 1940 when it was increased to eight after Churchill, Attlee and Greenwood were joined by Ernest Bevin as Minister of Labour and National Service; Anthony Eden as Foreign Secretary – replacing Halifax, who was sent to Washington D.C. as ambassador to the United States; Lord Beaverbrook as Minister of Aircraft Production; Sir Kingsley Wood as Chancellor of the Exchequer and Sir John Anderson as Lord President of the Council – replacing Chamberlain who died in November (Anderson later became Chancellor after Wood's death in September 1943).
The coalition was dissolved in May 1945, following the final defeat of Germany, when the Labour Party decided to withdraw in order to prepare for a general election. Churchill, who was the leader of the Conservative Party, was asked by the King to form a new, essentially Conservative, government. It was known as the Churchill caretaker ministry and managed the country's affairs until completion of the general election on 26 July that year.
Norway Debate
The 1935 general election had resulted in a Conservative victory with a substantial majority and Stanley Baldwin became Prime Minister.
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Neville Chamberlain formed the Chamberlain war ministry in 1939 after declaring war on Germany. Chamberlain led the country for the first eight months of the Second World War, until the Norway Debate in Parliament led Chamberlain to resign and Winston Churchill to form a new ministry. On 3 September 1939, Neville Chamberlain, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, reconstructed his existing government so as to be suited for the Second World War. The most dramatic change to the ministerial line-up saw the return of Winston Churchill as First Lord of the Admiralty.
Anthony Eden, né le à Windlestone Hall près de Rushyford et mort le à Alvediston, d'Avon, est un homme d'État britannique. Membre du Conseil privé du Royaume-Uni, il est ministre des Affaires étrangères à trois reprises, puis Premier ministre conservateur du au . Il démissionne peu après la crise de Suez. Robert Anthony Eden, est né le à , près de Rushyford, dans le comté de Durham. Son père William Eden (7e baronnet), un gentleman excentrique, appartient à la gentry titrée.
thumb|Edward Cardwell, plus tard vicomte Cardwell, secrétaire d'État à la Guerre de 1868 à 1874, architecte des . Le poste de secrétaire d'État à la Guerre, plus communément appelé secrétaire à la Guerre, est un ancien poste du gouvernement du Royaume-Uni, occupé pour la première fois par Henry Dundas, nommé en 1794. En 1801, il fut modifié en secrétaire d'État à la Guerre et aux Colonies, avant de reprendre son nom d'origine en 1854. Il cessa d'être un poste du cabinet en 1946, après la création d'un poste de distinct de celui de Premier ministre.