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Wind-packed snow in the form of slabs or crusts is an important part of alpine and polar snow covers. Yet, the formation process of such layers is poorly understood. For example, it remains unclear whether drifting snow is necessary for wind-packing or not ...
The Great European Lake Onego provides important resources for Northern Russia. This lake is ice-covered during 5 months in winter. However, very few data are available for winter, as most studies covered the ice-free period. Actually, comprehension of sea ...
For more than a decade, scientists have argued about the warmth of the current interglaciation. Was the warmth of the preindustrial late Holocene natural in origin, the result of orbital changes that had not yet driven the system into a new glacial state? ...
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a regulated pollutant and one of the key components determining the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere. Obtaining a reliable record of atmospheric CO mixing ratios ([CO]) since preindustrial times is necessary to evaluate climate- ...
Like islands, lakes are not only unique geographical features, but also ecological concepts on their own. Their exceptional variability has been studied numerous times, yet no unique framework capable of reproducing the wide range of lake dynamics observed ...
Runoff has recently become the main source of mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet and is an important contributor to global sea level rise. Linking runoff to surface meltwater production is complex, as meltwater can be retained within the firn by refree ...
We present the results of a new numerical model of the late glacial western Laurentide Ice Sheet, constrained by observations of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), including relative sea level indicators, uplift rates from permanent GPS stations, contempo ...
Simulating liquid water flow in snow has deserved much attention in the physics based snow modelling community, as it is a crucial factor in understanding hydrological processes in alpine catchments, snowpack stratification and wet snow avalanche formation ...
Polar ice sheets and mountain glaciers, which cover roughly 11% of the Earth's land surface, store organic carbon from local and distant sources and then release it to downstream environments. Climate-driven changes to glacier runoff are expected to be lar ...
Ice sheets provide exceptional archives of past changes in polar climate, regional environment and global atmospheric composition. The oldest dated deep ice core drilled in Antarctica has been retrieved at EPICA Dome C (EDC), reaching ∼ 800 000 years. Obta ...
