Aristocratie ouvrière

Labor aristocracy or labour aristocracy (also aristocracy of labor) has at least four meanings: (1) as a term with Marxist theoretical underpinnings; (2) as a specific type of trade unionism; (3) as a shorthand description by revolutionary industrial unions (such as the Industrial Workers of the World) for the bureaucracy of craft-based business unionism; and (4) in the 19th and early 20th centuries was also a phrase used to define better-off members of the working class (as used for example by Jack London in The People of the Abyss). In Marxist theory, those workers (proletarians) in the developed countries who benefit from the superprofits extracted from the impoverished workers of developing countries form an "aristocracy of labor". The phrase was popularized by Karl Kautsky in 1901 and theorized by Vladimir Lenin in his treatise Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism. According to Lenin, companies in the developed world exploit workers in the developing world where wages are much lower. The increased profits enable these companies to pay higher wages to their employees "at home" (that is, in the developed world), thus creating a working class satisfied with their standard of living and not inclined to proletarian revolution. It is a form of exporting poverty, creating an "exclave" of lower social class. Lenin contended that imperialism had prevented increasing class polarization in the developed world and argued that a workers' revolution could only begin in one of the developing countries, such as Russia. The concept of a labor aristocracy is controversial between Marxists. While the theory is formally shared by most currents that identify positively with Lenin, including the Communist International, few organizations place the theory at the center of their work. The term is most widely used in the United States, where it was popularized in the decade prior to World War I by Eugene V. Debs's Socialist Party of America and the Industrial Workers of the World.

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Concepts associés (4)

Theories of imperialism

The theory of imperialism refers to a range of theoretical approaches to understanding the expansion of capitalism into new areas, the unequal development of different countries, and economic systems that may lead to the dominance of some countries over others. These theories are considered distinct from other uses of the word imperialism which refer to the general tendency for empires throughout history to seek power and territorial expansion. The theory of imperialism is often associated with Marxist economics, but many theories were developed by non-Marxists.

Vladimir Ilitch Lénine

Vladimir Ilitch Oulianov (en Влади́мир Ильи́ч Улья́нов ), dit Lénine (Ленин ) , est un révolutionnaire communiste, théoricien politique et homme d'État russe, né le à Simbirsk (aujourd'hui Oulianovsk) et mort le à Vichnie Gorki (aujourd'hui Gorki Leninskie). Il rejoint à la fin du le Parti ouvrier social-démocrate de Russie, la section russe de la Deuxième Internationale, puis provoque en 1903 une scission du Parti russe et devient l'un des principaux dirigeants du courant bolchevik.

Marxisme

thumb|Karl Marx et Friedrich Engels. Le marxisme est un courant de pensée politique, sociologique, philosophique, historique, anthropologique et économique fondé sur les idées de Karl Marx (et dans une moindre mesure de Friedrich Engels) et de ses continuateurs. Politiquement, le marxisme repose sur la participation au mouvement réel de la lutte des classes, afin de parvenir à une société sans classes sociales, sans patriarcat, démocratique, mettant fin à l'Etat et basée sur la propriété collective et démocratique des moyens de production en tant qu'étape succédant au capitalisme : le communisme.