Concept
Fond marin
Concepts associés (37)
Deep-sea community
A deep-sea community is any community of organisms associated by a shared habitat in the deep sea. Deep sea communities remain largely unexplored, due to the technological and logistical challenges and expense involved in visiting this remote biome. Because of the unique challenges (particularly the high barometric pressure, extremes of temperature and absence of light), it was long believed that little life existed in this hostile environment. Since the 19th century however, research has demonstrated that significant biodiversity exists in the deep sea.
Marge continentale
La marge continentale est la zone sous-marine située au bord des continents dans laquelle la majeure partie des sédiments issus de l'érosion du continent est transportée. La marge continentale comprend le plateau continental, le talus continental et le glacis continental. Une marge est dite active quand une zone de subduction est présente ou passive, quand la transition entre la croute continentale et la croute océanique est directe.
Carcasse de baleine
vignette|Communautés chimiotrophes sur la carcasse d'une baleine grise de à de profondeur dans le bassin de Santa Cruz., Californie, États-Unis. Les carcasses de baleines sont les cadavres de baleines qui s'échouent sur les littoraux, se décomposent en flottant à la surface de la mer, ou dans la plupart des cas coulent vers le plancher océanique. Dans ce dernier cas, c'est l’équivalent de d’apport en carbone organique qui se concentre sur environ de sédiments.
Terrigenous sediment
In oceanography, terrigenous sediments are those derived from the erosion of rocks on land; that is, they are derived from terrestrial (as opposed to marine) environments. Consisting of sand, mud, and silt carried to sea by rivers, their composition is usually related to their source rocks; deposition of these sediments is largely limited to the continental shelf. Sources of terrigenous sediments include volcanoes, weathering of rocks, wind-blown dust, grinding by glaciers, and sediment carried by rivers or icebergs.
Zone démersale
The demersal zone is the part of the sea or ocean (or deep lake) consisting of the part of the water column near to (and significantly affected by) the seabed and the benthos. The demersal zone is just above the benthic zone and forms a layer of the larger profundal zone. Being just above the ocean floor, the demersal zone is variable in depth and can be part of the photic zone where light can penetrate, and photosynthetic organisms grow, or the aphotic zone, which begins between depths of roughly and extends to the ocean depths, where no light penetrates.
Siliceous ooze
Siliceous ooze is a type of biogenic pelagic sediment located on the deep ocean floor. Siliceous oozes are the least common of the deep sea sediments, and make up approximately 15% of the ocean floor. Oozes are defined as sediments which contain at least 30% skeletal remains of pelagic microorganisms. Siliceous oozes are largely composed of the silica based skeletons of microscopic marine organisms such as diatoms and radiolarians. Other components of siliceous oozes near continental margins may include terrestrially derived silica particles and sponge spicules.
Biogenous ooze
Biogenous ooze is marine sediment that accumulates on the seafloor and is a byproduct of the death and sink of the skeletal remains of marine organisms. Biogenous ooze consists of organic compounds, usually in the form of microorganism tests that fall from closer to the ocean surface to the ocean floor after death. For marine sediment to receive this classification, it must be composed of more than 30% skeletal material which also includes teeth and shells.