Dynastie SenaLes Sena (bengalî সেন Shen) sont une dynastie indienne hindouiste qui a régné sur le Bengale aux . Originaire du sud de la région, elle a été fondée au milieu du par Hemantasena, à l'origine vassal de la dynastie Pala, qui prend le pouvoir et se déclare indépendant en 1095. Son successeur Vijayasena (v. 1096-1158) bâtit un empire sur les ruines de celui des Pala, empire qui contrôle le Bengale et le Nord du Bihar. Avec l'arrivée des Sena, l'hindouisme patronné par les rois côtoie le bouddhisme jusqu'à fusionner : Bouddha devient un avatar de Vishnou.
ShashankaShashanka (IAST: Śaśāṃka, Sanskrit: शशाङ्क, Bengali: শশাঙ্ক) was the first independent king of a unified polity in the Bengal region, called the Gauda Kingdom and is a major figure in Bengali history. He reigned in the 7th century, some historians place his rule between circa 600 CE and 636/7 CE, whereas other sources place his reign between 590 and 625 CE. Shashanka, is credited with creating the Bengali calendar. The term Bangabda (Bangla year) is found too in two Shiva temples many centuries older than Akbar era, suggesting that a Bengali calendar existed long before Akbar's time.
VarendraVarendra (বরেন্দ্র), also known as Barind (বারিন্দ), was a region of North Bengal, now mostly in Bangladesh and a little portion in the Indian state of West Bengal. It formed part of the Pundravardhana or Pundra Kingdom region currently part of Rangpur and Rajshahi Divisions of Bangladesh and included the districts of Bogra, Rajshahi, Pabna and Dinajpur of Bangladesh and West Dinajpur of India. According to Cunningham, the boundary of Varendra was the Ganges and the Mahananda on the west, the Karatoya on the east, the Padma River on the south and the land between Cooch Behar and the Terai on the north.
Jagaddala MahaviharaJagaddala Mahavihara (fl. late 11th century - mid-12th century) was a Buddhist monastery and seat of learning in Varendra, a geographical unit in present north Bengal in Bangladesh. It was founded by the later kings of the Pāla dynasty, probably Ramapala (c. 1077-1120), most likely at a site near the present village of Jagdal in Dhamoirhat Upazila in the north-west Bangladesh on the border with India, near Paharapur. Some texts also spell the name Jaggadala. Little is known about Jagaddala compared with the other mahaviharas of the era.
Chandra dynastyThe Chandra dynasty was a Buddhist dynasty, originating from the Bengal region of Indian subcontinent, which ruled the Samatata area of Bengal, as well as northern Arakan. Later it was a neighbor to the Pala Empire to the north. Rulers of Chandra kingdom were adherents of Buddhism. The Kings of Chandra dynasty were identified as the kings of Vangaladesha in the Tirumulai inscription of Chola dynasty. The dynasty was founded around the 4th century AD.
Art GuptaL'art Gupta est l'art de l'Empire Gupta, qui régnait sur la majeure partie du Nord de l'Inde, avec son apogée entre environ 300 et 480, survivant sous une forme très réduite jusqu'à 550. La période Gupta est généralement considérée comme la période classique et un âge d'or de l'art en Inde du Nord pour tous les principaux groupes religieux. Bien que la peinture soit évidemment répandue, les œuvres qui subsistent sont principalement des sculptures religieuses.
RatnākaraśāntiRatnākaraśānti (also known as Ratnākara, Śāntipa, and Śānti) (late-10th century to mid-11th century) was an influential Buddhist philosopher and vajrayana tantric adept and scholar. He was the "gate scholar" of Vikramaśilā university's eastern gate (modern-day Bihar in India), a key post in the university's leadership. Ratnākara was known by the title kalikālasarvajña ("the Omniscient One of the Degenerate Age") and is depicted as one of the eighty-four mahāsiddhas (great yogic masters).
PratihâraLes Pratihâra ou Pratîhâra, également appelés Gurjara-Pratihâra constituent une dynastie indienne qui dirigea un royaume au Rajasthan et en Inde du Nord entre les et s. Ils seraient des membres du clan des Gurjara, provenant d'Asie centrale et apparus en Inde du Nord au lendemain de l'invasion des Shvetahûna vers la fin du . Au , les Pratîhâra fondèrent un État autour de Mandore, près de l'actuelle Jodhpur, puis étendirent leur domination sur tout le Rajasthan. Nâgabhata I (730-756) est le véritable fondateur de la dynastie.
MahishyaMahishya, also spelled Mahisya, is a Bengali Hindu traditionally agrarian caste, and formed the largest caste in undivided Bengal. Mahisyas were, and are, extremely diverse Bengali caste counting among themselves all possible classes in terms of material conditions and ranks. Mahisyas traditionally lived in Bengal and Orissa region. As per the census report of 1931, Mahishyas were geographically scattered through all of undivided Bengal forming around a quarter of province's Hindu population, and they most predominantly lived in south-western Bengal, especially in the districts of undivided Midnapore, 24 Parganas, Howrah, Hooghly, Nadia and Murshidabad.
Somapura MahaviharaLe Somapura Mahavihara ou Paharpur était le plus grand monastère bouddhique d'Asie du Sud. Il est parmi les restes de vihara bouddhiques le plus célèbre. Situé à Naogaon (Bangladesh), il est inscrit sur la liste du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO depuis 1985, organisation internationale qui a contribué à hauteur de 5,6 millions de dollars pour sa préservation. vignette|gauche|Vue aérienne du Somapura Mahavihara. La structure, en forme de carré, est composée de 177 cellules utilisées par les moines pour méditer, et d'un stûpa au centre.
