Concept
Kayanian dynasty
Concepts associés (14)
Khvarenah
Khvarenah (also spelled khwarenah or xwarra(h): 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬵 ) is an Avestan word for a Zoroastrian concept literally denoting "glory" or "splendour" but understood as a divine mystical force or power projected upon and aiding the appointed. The neuter noun thus also connotes "(divine) royal glory", reflecting the perceived divine empowerment of kings. The term also carries a secondary meaning of "(good) fortune"; those who possess it are able to complete their mission or function.
Middle Persian literature
Middle Persian literature is the corpus of written works composed in Middle Persian, that is, the Middle Iranian dialect of Persia proper, the region in the south-western corner of the Iranian plateau. Middle Persian was the prestige dialect during the era of Sassanid dynasty. The rulers of the Sassanid Empire (224–654 CE) were natives of that south-western region, and through their political and cultural influence, Middle Persian became a prestige dialect and thus also came to be used by non-Persian Iranians.
Vishtaspa
Vishtaspa (𐬬𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬁𐬯𐬞𐬀 ; 𐎻𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱 ; گشتاسپ ; Ὑστάσπης ) is the Avestan-language name of a figure of Zoroastrian scripture and tradition, portrayed as an early follower of Zoroaster, and his patron, and instrumental in the diffusion of the prophet's message. Although Vishtaspa is not epigraphically attested, he is – like Zoroaster – traditionally assumed to have been a historical figure, although obscured by accretions from legend and myth. In Zoroastrian tradition, which builds on allusions found in the Avesta, Vishtaspa is a righteous king who helped propagate and defend the faith.
Keyoumars
Keyoumars, Kayomars, Kayumars (en کیومرث), Gayōmart (en گیومرت) ou Gayōmard (en گیومرد) est le premier homme créé par Ahura Mazda et le premier roi de la dynastie des Pichdadiens dans la mythologie iranienne. Il est l'arrière-grand-père de Djamchid. Gayōmart en avestique (𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬊 𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀𐬥 Gaiio Mərətan) est composé de gayō (une vie) et martan (mourant ou périssable) qui signifie "vie mortelle". Keyoumars est également un prénom populaire dans les pays de langue persane (Iran, Afghanistan et Tadjikistan).
Peuples iraniens
Les peuples iraniens sont un groupe qui se définit premièrement selon son usage des langues iraniennes en addition d'autres traits. Les peuples iraniens vivent principalement au Moyen-Orient, en Asie centrale et dans le Caucase ainsi que dans une partie de l'Asie du Sud. Ils parlent différentes langues iraniennes, qui au cours de l'histoire furent en usage dans une zone géographique bien plus large qu'aujourd'hui : dans toute la zone sud de l'Eurasie, des Balkans jusqu'à l'ouest de la Chine.
Yaz culture
The Yaz culture (named after the type site Yaz-Tappe, Yaz Tepe, or Yaz Depe, near Baýramaly, Turkmenistan) was an early Iron Age culture of Margiana, Bactria and Sogdia (1500–500 BC, or 1500–330 BC). It emerges at the top of late Bronze Age sites (BMAC), sometimes as stone towers and sizeable houses associated with irrigation systems. Ceramics were mostly hand-made, but there was increasing use of wheel-thrown ware. There have been found bronze or iron arrowheads, also iron sickles or carpet knives among other artifacts.
Avestan geography
Avestan geography refers to the investigation of place names in the Avesta and the attempt to connect them to real-world geographical sites. It is therefore different from the cosmogony expressed in the Avesta, where place names refer to mythical events or a cosmological order. Identifying such connections is important for localizing the people of the Avesta and is therefore crucial for understanding the early history of Zoroastrianism and the Iranian peoples.
Denkard
Le Denkard (ou Dēnkart), signifiant Actes de Religion, est un recueil de textes du zoroastrisme du . Plutôt qu'un ensemble d'écrits religieux, les neuf livres du texte constituent des commentaires encyclopédiques sur la religion. L'auteur est Aturpât-i Êmêtân. C'est l'édition d'un texte partiellement perdu écrit au par Ādurfarnbag ī Farroxzādān. Aturpât-i Êmêtân, Denkard, Acts of Religion, trad. Ratanshah E. Kohiyar, 1876 (A ninth century encyclopedia of the Zoroastrian religion).
Avesta
vignette|Traduction française par Ignace Pietraszewski, Berlin, 1858. LAvesta (du pahlavi abestāg) (en persan et kurde avesta) est l'ensemble des textes sacrés de la religion mazdéenne et forme le livre sacré, le code sacerdotal des zoroastriens. Il est parfois connu en Occident sous l'appellation erronée de Zend Avesta. Les parties les plus anciennes, celles des gathas, sont dans une langue aussi archaïque que celle du Rig Veda (sanskrit védique), le « gathique », les autres en avestique tardif.
Avestan period
The Avestan period (1500-500 BCE) is the period in the history of the Iranian peoples when the Avesta was produced. It saw important contributions to both the religious sphere, as well as to Iranian mythology and its epic tradition. Scholars can reliably distinguish between two different linguistic strata in the Avesta; Old Avestan and Young Avestan, which are interpreted as belonging to two different stages in the development of the Avestan language and society.