Jeton d'authentification | EPFL Graph Search

thumb|Différents types de Token : calculette permettant d'entrer un code PIN, clé USB, carte à puce, générateur de mot de passe à usage unique. Un jeton d'authentification (parfois appelé authentifieur, jeton de sécurité, jeton USB, clé USB de sécurité, jeton cryptographique, carte à puce, token ou encore calculette pour ceux disposant d'un clavier), est une solution d'authentification forte. Principe de fonctionnement Un jeton de sécurité est un dispositif matériel utilisé pour permettre l'accès à une ressource protégée électroniquement (compte en banque, salle verrouillée électroniquement, etc). Le jeton est utilisé en complément ou à la place d'un mot de passe pour prouver que le porteur du dispositif est bien celui qu'il prétend être. Les jetons matériels sont généralement assez petits pour être transportés dans une poche ou un sac et sont souvent munis d'un anneau permettant de l'accrocher à un trousseau de clés. Certains peuvent stocker des clés cryptographiques,

Bounded Tamper Resilience: How to go beyond the Algebraic Barrier

Sebastian Faust

Related key attacks (RKAs) are powerful cryptanalytic attacks where an adversary can change the secret key and observe the effect of such changes at the output. The state of the art in RKA security protects against an a-priori unbounded number of certain algebraic induced key relations, e.g., affine functions or polynomials of bounded degree. In this work, we show that it is possible to go beyond the algebraic barrier and achieve security against arbitrary key relations, by restricting the number of tampering queries the adversary is allowed to ask for. The latter restriction is necessary in case of arbitrary key relations, as otherwise a generic attack of Gennaro et al. (TCC 2004) shows how to recover the key of almost any cryptographic primitive. We describe our contributions in more detail below. 1. We show that standard ID and signature schemes constructed from a large class of -protocols (including the Okamoto scheme, for instance) are secure even if the adversary can arbitrarily tamper with the prover's state a bounded number of times and obtain some bounded amount of leakage. Interestingly, for the Okamoto scheme we can allow also independent tampering with the public parameters. 2. We show a bounded tamper and leakage resilient CCA secure public key cryptosystem based on the DDH assumption. We first define a weaker CPA-like security notion that we can instantiate based on DDH, and then we give a general compiler that yields CCA-security with tamper and leakage resilience. This requires a public tamperproof common reference string. 3. Finally, we explain how to boost bounded tampering and leakage resilience (as in 1. and 2. above) to continuous tampering and leakage resilience, in the so-called floppy model where each user has a personal hardware token (containing leak- and tamper-free information) which can be used to refresh the secret key. We believe that bounded tampering is a meaningful and interesting alternative to avoid known impossibility results and can provide important insights into the security of existing standard cryptographic schemes.

2013

Bounded Tamper Resilience: How to go beyond the Algebraic Barrier

Sebastian Faust

2013