Résumé
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDAC inhibitors, HDACi, HDIs) are chemical compounds that inhibit histone deacetylases. HDIs have a long history of use in psychiatry and neurology as mood stabilizers and anti-epileptics. More recently they are being investigated as possible treatments for cancers, parasitic and inflammatory diseases. To carry out gene expression, a cell must control the coiling and uncoiling of DNA around histones. This is accomplished with the assistance of histone acetyl transferases (HAT), which acetylate the lysine residues in core histones leading to a less compact and more transcriptionally active euchromatin, and, on the converse, the actions of histone deacetylases (HDAC), which remove the acetyl groups from the lysine residues leading to the formation of a condensed and transcriptionally silenced chromatin. Reversible modification of the terminal tails of core histones constitutes the major epigenetic mechanism for remodeling higher-order chromatin structure and controlling gene expression. HDAC inhibitors (HDI) block this action and can result in hyperacetylation of histones, thereby affecting gene expression. The open chromatin resulting from inhibition of histone deacetylases can result in either the up-regulation or the repression of genes. The histone deacetylase inhibitors are a new class of cytostatic agents that inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells in culture and in vivo by inducing cell cycle arrest, differentiation and/or apoptosis. Histone deacetylase inhibitors exert their anti-tumour effects via the induction of expression changes of oncogenes or tumour suppressors, through modulating the acetylation/deacetylation of histones and/or non-histone proteins such as transcription factors. Histone acetylation and deacetylation play important roles in the modulation of chromatin topology and the regulation of gene transcription. Histone deacetylase inhibition induces the accumulation of hyperacetylated nucleosome core histones in most regions of chromatin but affects the expression of only a small subset of genes, leading to transcriptional activation of some genes, but repression of an equal or larger number of other genes.
À propos de ce résultat
Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.
Cours associés (3)
BIO-480: Neuroscience: from molecular mechanisms to disease
The goal of the course is to guide students through the essential aspects of molecular neuroscience and neurodegenerative diseases. The student will gain the ability to dissect the molecular basis of
BIOENG-110: General Biology
Le but du cours est de fournir un aperçu général de la biologie des cellules et des organismes. Nous en discuterons dans le contexte de la vie des cellules et des organismes, en mettant l'accent sur l
HUM-388: Personalized health: biomedical & social challenge
La médecine 4P (personnalisée, préventive, prédictive et participative) bouleverse les connaissances médicales établies, les configurations institutionnelles de la médecine et les expériences vécues d
Publications associées (94)
Concepts associés (5)
Addiction
L'addiction, , ou assuétude, est l'envie répétée et irrépressible de faire ou de consommer quelque chose en dépit de la motivation et des efforts du sujet pour s'y soustraire. L'anglicisme addiction désigne tout attachement nocif à une substance ou à une activité. Le terme plus ancien d’assuétude est d'usage courant dans certaines régions de la francophonie, notamment au Québec. Dans d'autres régions, il est vieilli, mais reste parfois utilisé pour qualifier des dépendances faibles comme celle au chocolat.
Histone acetylation and deacetylation
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are essential parts of gene regulation. These reactions are typically catalysed by enzymes with "histone acetyltransferase" (HAT) or "histone deacetylase" (HDAC) activity. Acetylation is the process where an acetyl functional group is transferred from one molecule (in this case, acetyl coenzyme A) to another.
Protéine du rétinoblastome
La protéine du rétinoblastome (pRB) est une protéine de séquestration qui exerce un contrôle négatif du cycle cellulaire. Cette fonction est essentielle dans les organismes pluricellulaires pour éviter la formation de tumeurs malignes qui mettraient en péril l’organisme, ce qui permet de qualifier cette protéine de « suppresseur de tumeur ». Son nom vient de son étroite collaboration dans un cancer ophtalmologique pédiatrique : le rétinoblastome.
Afficher plus
MOOCs associés (6)
Neuroscience Reconstructed: Cell Biology
This course will provide the fundamental knowledge in neuroscience required to understand how the brain is organised and how function at multiple scales is integrated to give rise to cognition and beh
Neuroscience Reconstructed: Cell Biology
This course will provide the fundamental knowledge in neuroscience required to understand how the brain is organised and how function at multiple scales is integrated to give rise to cognition and beh
Neuroscience Reconstructed: Genetics and Brain Development
This course will provide the fundamental knowledge in neuroscience required to understand how the brain is organised and how function at multiple scales is integrated to give rise to cognition and beh
Afficher plus