Thyroid function testsThyroid function tests (TFTs) is a collective term for blood tests used to check the function of the thyroid. TFTs may be requested if a patient is thought to suffer from hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) or hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), or to monitor the effectiveness of either thyroid-suppression or hormone replacement therapy. It is also requested routinely in conditions linked to thyroid disease, such as atrial fibrillation and anxiety disorder.
Toxic multinodular goitreToxic multinodular goiter (TMNG), also known as multinodular toxic goiter (MNTG), is an active multinodular goiter associated with hyperthyroidism. It is a common cause of hyperthyroidism in which there is excess production of thyroid hormones from functionally autonomous thyroid nodules, which do not require stimulation from thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Toxic multinodular goiter is the second most common cause of hyperthyroidism (after Graves' disease) in the developed world, whereas iodine deficiency is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in developing-world countries where the population is iodine-deficient.
Papillary thyroid cancerPapillary thyroid cancer (papillary thyroid carcinoma, PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer, representing 75 percent to 85 percent of all thyroid cancer cases. It occurs more frequently in women and presents in the 20–55 year age group. It is also the predominant cancer type in children with thyroid cancer, and in patients with thyroid cancer who have had previous radiation to the head and neck. It is often well-differentiated, slow-growing, and localized, although it can metastasize.
Récepteur des hormones thyroïdiennesLes récepteurs des hormones thyroïdes (TR) sont des protéines de la superfamille des récepteurs cytoplasmique liant naturellement les hormones thyroïdiennes. Il existe deux sous-groupes d'isoformes : Récepteur des hormones thyroïdiennes de type α, (TRα; NR1A1) : TR-α1 (largement exprimé dans les différents organes et particulièrement dans le cœur et les muscles squelettiques) TR-α2 (homologue du récepteur viral c-erb-A, relativement ubiquitaire mais ne liant pas l'hormone) Récepteur des hormones thyroïdiennes de type β, (TRβ; NR1A2) : TR-β1 (exprimé essentiellement dans le cerveau, le foie et les reins) TR-β2 (expression dans l'hypothalamus et l'hypophyse) Les récepteurs des hormones thyroïdiennes sont principalement impliqués dans la régulation du métabolisme et du rythme cardiaque.
Thyroid hormone resistanceThyroid hormone resistance (also resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH), and sometimes Refetoff syndrome) describes a rare syndrome in which the thyroid hormone levels are elevated but the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level is not suppressed, or not completely suppressed as would be expected. The first report of the condition appeared in 1967. Essentially this is decreased end organ responsiveness to thyroid hormones. A new term "impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormone" has been suggested in March 2014 by Refetoff et al.
Thyroid stormThyroid storm is a rare but severe and life-threatening complication of hyperthyroidism. It occurs when overactive thyroid activity leads to hypermetabolism, the end result being death from cardiac arrest or multiple organ failure. It is characterized by a high fever (temperatures often above ), fast and often irregular heart beat, elevated blood pressure, vomiting, diarrhea, and agitation. Hypertension with a wide pulse pressure occurs in early to mid crisis, with hypotension accompanying shock occurring in the late stage.
