Syndrome de BoerhaaveLe syndrome de Boerhaave correspond à une rupture de la paroi œsophagienne dans le cadre de vomissements excessifs (barotraumatisme), sur œsophage sain. Ce syndrome a été décrit pour la première fois par Herman Boerhaave en 1724, à la suite du décès du baron Jan Gerrit van Wassenaer. La World Society of Emergency Surgery a publié une mise au point en sur le diagnostic et la prise en charge de cette affection . Le syndrome de Boerhaave représente 15 % des causes de perforation de l'œsophage, après les perforations iatrogènes.
Diverticule (anatomie)vignette|Image endoscopique d’un côlon, la photo montre une diverticulose de la paroi intestinale, ici deux diverticules. En anatomie, un diverticule, du latin diverticulum (chemin détourné), est une excroissance d’un organe creux prenant la forme d’une hernie, d’une poche, d’un saccule, de taille variable, qui se développe vers l’extérieur de l’organe. Le principal exemple de diverticule naturel, de naissance, est le Diverticule de Meckel qui est dû à la persistance très partielle du canal vitellin et constitue l'anomalie congénitale la plus fréquente des intestins.
Atrophic gastritisAtrophic gastritis is a process of chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa of the stomach, leading to a loss of gastric glandular cells and their eventual replacement by intestinal and fibrous tissues. As a result, the stomach's secretion of essential substances such as hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor is impaired, leading to digestive problems. The most common are vitamin B12 deficiency possibly leading to pernicious anemia; and malabsorption of iron, leading to iron deficiency anaemia.
EsophagectomyEsophagectomy or oesophagectomy is the surgical removal of all or parts of the esophagus. The principal objective is to remove the esophagus, a part of the gastrointestinal tract. This procedure is usually done for patients with esophageal cancer. It is normally done when esophageal cancer is detected early, before it has spread to other parts of the body. Esophagectomy of early-stage cancer represents the best chance of a cure. Despite significant improvements in technique and postoperative care, the long-term survival for esophageal cancer is still poor.
Coffee ground vomitingCoffee ground vomitus refers to a particular appearance of vomit. Within organic heme molecules of red blood cells is the element iron, which oxidizes following exposure to gastric acid. This reaction causes the vomitus to look like ground coffee. Esophagitis, esophageal varices, gastritis, cirrhosis or gastric ulcers for example, may bleed and produce coffee-ground vomitus.
Diffuse esophageal spasmDiffuse esophageal spasm (DES), also known as distal esophageal spasm, is a condition characterized by uncoordinated contractions of the esophagus, which may cause difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) or regurgitation. In some cases, it may cause symptoms such as chest pain, similar to heart disease. In many cases, the cause of DES remains unknown. Certain abnormalities on x-ray imaging are commonly observed in DES, such as a "corkscrew esophagus" or "rosary bead esophagus", although these findings are not unique to this condition.
Esophageal pH monitoringEsophageal pH monitoring is the current gold standard for diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It provides direct physiologic measurement of acid in the esophagus and is the most objective method to document reflux disease, assess the severity of the disease and monitor the response of the disease to medical or surgical treatment. It can also be used in diagnosing laryngopharyngeal reflux.
Diverticule de ZenkerEn anatomie, un diverticule de Zenker est un diverticule (une poche) de pulsion qui se forme au-dessus du sphincter œsophagien supérieur entre le faisceau thyroïdien du muscle constricteur inférieur et le faisceau cricoïdien du muscle constricteur inférieur (aussi appelé muscle cricopharyngien). Sa présence est due à une hypertonie du muscle crico-pharyngé (sphincter oesophagien supérieur (SSO)). Le diagnostic est radiologique.
