Parlement d'Irlande du NordLe (Parliament of Northern Ireland) est l'organe exerçant le pouvoir législatif en Irlande du Nord entre le et le . vignette|gauche|Magasin Robinson et Cleaver à Belfast, en fête pour l'ouverture officielle du premier parlement d'Irlande du Nord, le 21 juin 1921 Il est créé par le Government of Ireland Act 1920 et suspendu par le Northern Ireland Constitution Act 1973. Le Parlement est un système bicaméral composé de la Chambre des communes d'Irlande du Nord et du Sénat d'Irlande du Nord. Irlande du Nord P
Wasted voteIn electoral systems, a wasted vote is any vote that does not receive representation in the final election outcome. This includes lost votes for a losing candidate or party, and excess votes for winning candidates in excess of the minimum needed to win. When applied to ranked-vote systems, it includes exhausted votes, votes where none of the candidates the voter ranked are elected. Wasted vote share changes from one election to another depending on voter behavior. Wasted votes can lead to political apathy.
Apportionment (politics)Apportionment is the process by which seats in a legislative body are distributed among administrative divisions, such as states or parties, entitled to representation. This page presents the general principles and issues related to apportionment. The page Apportionment by country describes specific practices used around the world. The page Mathematics of apportionment describes mathematical formulations and properties of apportionment rules. The simplest and most universal principle is that elections should give each voter's intentions equal weight.
Parallel votingParallel voting is a type of mixed electoral system in which representatives are voted into a single chamber using two or more different systems, most often first-past-the-post voting (FPTP) with party-list proportional representation (PR). It is the most common form of mixed member majoritarian representation (MMM), which is why these terms are often used synonymously with each other. In some countries, parallel voting is known as the supplementary member (SM) system, while in academic literature it is sometimes called the superposition method within mixed systems.
FairVoteFairVote, formerly the Center for Voting and Democracy, is a 501(c)(3) organization that advocates electoral reform in the United States. Founded in 1992 as Citizens for Proportional Representation to support the implementation of proportional representation in American elections, the organization in 1993 became the Center for Voting and Democracy and in 2004 changed its name to FairVote to reflect its support of such proposals as instant-runoff voting (IRV), for single and multi-winner elections, a national popular vote for president, a right-to-vote amendment to the Constitution, and universal voter registration.
Minor partyA minor party is a political party that plays a smaller (in some cases much smaller, even insignificant in comparison) role than a major party in a country's politics and elections. The difference between minor and major parties can be so great that the membership total, donations, and the candidates that they are able to produce or attract are very distinct. Some of the minor parties play almost no role in a country's politics because of their low recognition, vote and donations.
Vote cumulatifLe vote cumulatif (ou "vote par points" ou "vote par répartition de points") est un système de vote pondéré destiné à élire plusieurs candidats (scrutin plurinominal). Ce mode de scrutin est efficace pour représenter la diversité des opinions et permet d'empêcher les phénomènes de tyrannie de la majorité. Le vote cumulatif est fréquemment utilisé en gouvernance d'entreprise et est recommandé par la SEC et par diverses agences en conseil de vote dont ISS.
Scrutin plurinominalLe scrutin plurinominal est un système électoral dans lequel plusieurs personnes sont élues lors d'un même scrutin. Il s'oppose au scrutin uninominal. Un scrutin proportionnel de liste, dans lequel les sièges sont répartis entre les listes proportionnellement au nombre de voix obtenues, est par définition un scrutin plurinominal. Cependant, le terme est davantage employé pour les scrutins plurinominaux majoritaires, dans lesquels les candidats ayant obtenu le plus de voix sont élus.
Scrutin majoritaire uninominalLe scrutin uninominal, ou scrutin uninominal majoritaire, est un système électoral dans lequel une seule personne est élue lors d'un scrutin. Il peut être utilisé soit pour pourvoir une fonction unique, soit pour élire une assemblée, en divisant le territoire en autant de circonscriptions que de sièges à pourvoir. Il s'agit d'un scrutin majoritaire. Il s'oppose au scrutin plurinominal. Il existe plusieurs types de scrutin uninominal.
Electoral reformElectoral reform is a change in electoral systems which alters how public desires are expressed in election results. Reforms can include changes to: Voting systems, such as proportional representation, a two-round system (runoff voting), instant-runoff voting (alternative voting, ranked-choice voting, or preferential voting), Instant Round Robin Voting called Condorcet Voting, range voting, approval voting, citizen initiatives and referendums and recall elections.
