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Concept
Debt-to-equity ratio
Résumé
The debt-to-equity ratio (D/E) is a financial ratio indicating the relative proportion of shareholders' equity and debt used to finance a company's assets. Closely related to leveraging, the ratio is also known as risk, gearing or leverage. The two components are often taken from the firm's balance sheet or statement of financial position (so-called book value), but the ratio may also be calculated using market values for both, if the company's debt and equity are publicly traded, or using a combination of book value for debt and market value for equity financially.
Preferred stock can be considered part of debt or equity. Attributing preferred shares to one or the other is partially a subjective decision but will also take into account the specific features of the preferred shares.
When used to calculate a company's financial leverage, the debt usually includes only the Long Term Debt (LTD). Quoted ratios can even exclude the current portion of the LTD. The composition of equity and debt and its influence on the value of the firm is much debated and also described in the Modigliani–Miller theorem.
Financial economists and academic papers will usually refer to all liabilities as debt, and the statement that equity plus liabilities equals assets is therefore an accounting identity (it is, by definition, true). Other definitions of debt to equity may not respect this accounting identity, and should be carefully compared.
Generally speaking, a high ratio may indicate that the company is much resourced with (outside) borrowing as compared to funding from shareholders.
In a general sense, the ratio is simply debt divided by equity. However, what is classified as debt can differ depending on the interpretation used. Thus, the ratio can take on a number of forms including:
Debt / Equity
Long-term Debt / Equity
Total Liabilities / Equity
In a basic sense, Total Debt / Equity is a measure of all of a company's future obligations on the balance sheet relative to equity.
Source officielle
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Publications associées (2)
Concepts associés (4)
Debt-to-equity ratio
The debt-to-equity ratio (D/E) is a financial ratio indicating the relative proportion of shareholders' equity and debt used to finance a company's assets. Closely related to leveraging, the ratio is also known as risk, gearing or leverage. The two components are often taken from the firm's balance sheet or statement of financial position (so-called book value), but the ratio may also be calculated using market values for both, if the company's debt and equity are publicly traded, or using a combination of book value for debt and market value for equity financially.
Investissement
Selon le vocabulaire de la comptabilité nationale, l’investissement (mesuré par la formation brute de capital fixe, en abrégé FBCF), peut être le fait de différents agents économiques : pour les entreprises : c'est la valeur des biens durables acquis pour être utilisés pendant au moins un an dans leur processus de production.
État de la situation financière
L'état de la situation financière (terme officiel des normes internationales IFRS, aussi appelé bilan comptable) est un état financier qui synthétise à un moment donné ce que l'entreprise possède, appelé l'« actif » (terrains, immeubles) et ses ressources, appelées le « passif » (capital, réserves, crédits, etc.). Le bilan est l'un des documents composant les états financiers.
Cours associés (2)
MGT-482: Principles of finance
The course provides a market-oriented framework for analyzing the major financial decisions made by firms. It provides an introduction to valuation techniques, investment decisions, asset valuation, f
FIN-411: Accounting for finance
The objective of the course is to provide participants with accounting mechanisms for understanding and anaalyzing the financial statements of a company.
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