S-matrix theory was a proposal for replacing local quantum field theory as the basic principle of elementary particle physics.
It avoided the notion of space and time by replacing it with abstract mathematical properties of the S-matrix. In S-matrix theory, the S-matrix relates the infinite past to the infinite future in one step, without being decomposable into intermediate steps corresponding to time-slices.
This program was very influential in the 1960s, because it was a plausible substitute for quantum field theory, which was plagued with the zero interaction phenomenon at strong coupling. Applied to the strong interaction, it led to the development of string theory.
S-matrix theory was largely abandoned by physicists in the 1970s, as quantum chromodynamics was recognized to solve the problems of strong interactions within the framework of field theory. But in the guise of string theory, S-matrix theory is still a popular approach to the problem of quantum gravity.
The S-matrix theory is related to the holographic principle and the AdS/CFT correspondence by a flat space limit. The analog of the S-matrix relations in AdS space is the boundary conformal theory.
The most lasting legacy of the theory is string theory. Other notable achievements are the Froissart bound, and the prediction of the pomeron.
S-matrix theory was proposed as a principle of particle interactions by Werner Heisenberg in 1943, following John Archibald Wheeler's 1937 introduction of the S-matrix.
It was developed heavily by Geoffrey Chew, Steven Frautschi, Stanley Mandelstam, Vladimir Gribov, and Tullio Regge. Some aspects of the theory were promoted by Lev Landau in the Soviet Union, and by Murray Gell-Mann in the United States.
The basic principles are:
Relativity: The S-matrix is a representation of the Poincaré group;
Unitarity: ;
Analyticity: integral relations and singularity conditions.
The basic analyticity principles were also called analyticity of the first kind, and they were never fully enumerated, but they include
Crossing: The amplitudes for antiparticle scattering are the analytic continuation of particle scattering amplitudes.
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S-matrix theory was a proposal for replacing local quantum field theory as the basic principle of elementary particle physics. It avoided the notion of space and time by replacing it with abstract mathematical properties of the S-matrix. In S-matrix theory, the S-matrix relates the infinite past to the infinite future in one step, without being decomposable into intermediate steps corresponding to time-slices. This program was very influential in the 1960s, because it was a plausible substitute for quantum field theory, which was plagued with the zero interaction phenomenon at strong coupling.
The term "bootstrap model" is used for a class of theories that use very general consistency criteria to determine the form of a quantum theory from some assumptions on the spectrum of particles. It is a form of S-matrix theory. In the 1960s and '70s, the ever-growing list of strongly interacting particles — mesons and baryons — made it clear to physicists that none of these particles is elementary.
En physique fondamentale, la théorie des cordes est un cadre théorique dans lequel les particules ponctuelles de la physique des particules sont représentées par des objets unidimensionnels appelés cordes. La théorie décrit comment ces cordes se propagent dans l'espace et interagissent les unes avec les autres. Sur des échelles de distance supérieures à l'échelle de la corde, cette dernière ressemble à une particule ordinaire, avec ses propriétés de masse, de charge et autres, déterminées par l'état vibratoire de la corde.
Explore les corrélateurs cosmologiques du point de vue des limites, en discutant de l'inflation, de la symétrie de Sitter et des implications pour la physique de haute énergie.
Explore la classification et les contraintes de la théorie quantique des champs, en se concentrant sur les théories de terrain formelles et l'approche S-matrix Bootstrap.
We consider constraints on the S-matrix of any gapped, Lorentz invariant quantum field theory in 3+1 dimensions due to crossing symmetry, analyticity and unitarity. We extremize cubic couplings, quart