Animation in the United States in the television era

Animation in the United States in the television era was a period in the history of American animation that slowly set in with the decline of theatrical animated shorts and the popularization of television animation during the late 1950s to 1960s, peaked in the 1970s, and ended in the mid-late 1980s. This era is characterized by low budgets, limited animation, an emphasis on television over the theater, and the general perception of cartoons being primarily for children. Due to the perceived cheap production values, poor animation, and mixed critical and commercial reception, this era is sometimes referred to as the dark age (or bronze age) of American animation by critics. Television animation developed from the success of Disney’s theatrical animated movies, along with Warner Bros.’ Looney Tunes and MGM’s Tom and Jerry cartoons in the first half of the 20th century. The state of animation changed dramatically in the three decades starting with the post-World War II proliferation of television. While studios gave up on the big-budget theatrical short cartoons that thrived in the golden age, new television animation studios would thrive based on the economy and volume of their output. Many popular characters emerged from this period, including Hanna-Barbera's Scooby-Doo, Josie and the Pussycats, Captain Caveman, and Hong Kong Phooey, Filmation's He-Man, DiC Entertainment's Inspector Gadget, and Marvel Productions' and Sunbow Productions' The Transformers. The period came to an end in the late 1980s as many entertainment companies revived their animation franchises and returned to making high-budget, successful works. There were a number of early experiments in limited animation television cartoons. These cartoons usually were about five minutes in length and were episodic in nature, allowing stations to flexibly program them. One of the first images to be broadcast over television was that of Felix the Cat in 1928. Historian Harvey Deneroff of the Savannah College of Art and Design suggests that animator Don Figlozzi drew some of the first animations to be used on television, working for Popeye films in 1931.

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Concepts associés (2)

Anime

Un , également appelé parfois japanime ou japanimation, désigne une série d'animation ou un film d'animation en provenance du Japon souvent adapté d'un manga. C'est le diminutif du mot , lui-même transcription de l'anglais animation. Alors que les toutes premières animations japonaises connues datent de 1917 et qu'un bon nombre de dessins animés originaux sont produits durant les décennies suivantes, la caractéristique et le style anime se développent durant les années 1960 (notamment grâce aux travaux d'Osamu Tezuka) et se popularisent hors des frontières du Japon durant les années 1970 et 1980.